Nickel & Dime, Or A Long-Term Relationship?

by Pete Schoeninger
© Copyright 2024. All rights reserved!
Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine February/March 2024 Digital Issue

Q) I intend to purchase a Cessna 182, and have been warned about the cost of occasional fuel tank replacements. Can you comment? Can fuel cells be repaired at lesser cost than replacement?
A) Older Cessna 182s have “fuel bladders,” rather than aluminum fuel tanks found in newer Cessna 182s and other Cessna models. Some bladders can be repaired for perhaps half the cost of a replacement, but it’s usually not worth it. A repaired fuel bladder may soon have other issues, and the labor cost of removing, and reinstalling a repaired bladder, or a new replacement, is about the same – 8 to 10 hours. To get up to date pricing information, I contacted Eagle Fuel Cells in Eagle River, Wisconsin (www.EagleFuelCells.com). A new fuel bladder is around $1,600. The price will vary a little depending on size.

Q) Can you tell me why you say middle-aged Cessna 182s can cost lots more to operate than say a Cessna 172?
A) A middle-aged Cessna 182 carries more, goes faster, further, climbs better, and has more room in the interior than a similar aged Cessna 172. But it is not a free lunch! The engine difference probably adds the most expense. In my experience, the 230 HP engine in a middle-aged 182, will probably need cylinder work at 800 hours or so. If all cylinders are done at one time, that can cost between $5,000 to $12,000. Further adding to engine expense, the 230 HP engine in earlier 182s is rated at 500 hours less time between overhauls than the 150/160 HP Cessna 172 engine of the same vintage, and there are two more cylinders to overhaul. The 182 has a constant speed prop which occasionally needs overhaul or replacement vs the stone simple fixed pitch prop on a 172. Overhaul of the prop and hub can get into the thousands of dollars and replacement may approach $10K or so. And that extra 70 – 80 HP the 182 offers, consumes maybe 4 gallons of gas per hour more to move the airplane 20 mph or so faster than the 172.

All discussions about middle-aged Cessna 182s should cover carb ice. Please review the excellent article by Richard Morey in the Dec/Jan 2024 issue of Midwest Flyer Magazine.

Cessna 182 owners should also consider installing (if not already equipped) a carburetor ice temperature gauge. They are available for a couple hundred bucks plus installation. For a few hundred dollars more, you can get a gauge with an “ice detector.”

Q) Do you still think the 150/160 HP Piper Warrior is a good buy, compared to a similar vintage Cessna 172?
A) Yes! While their overall performance is similar, you might find a Warrior with similar airframe times, engine times, equipment, and overall condition for $25,000 less than a comparable 172.

Q) An “Old Boy” told me to beware of turns when flying downwind. Why in the world would he say that?
A) In the “Old Days” people learned to fly in pretty slow airplanes, like J-3 Piper Cubs. Those airplanes would cruise around 75 mph and stall at around 40 mph. When flying with a 25-mph wind and you slow your airplane to 50 mph, your groundspeed will be about 75 mph, which can give the illusion when looking at the ground going by that you have plenty of excess airspeed to horse the airplane around into a quick, steep turn. When people try that, they sometimes will meet their demise.

Q) What do you hear about the current airplane market?
A) Well, it’s sort of like real estate right now. There may be minor price reductions in asking prices, and buyers may not have to commit to buy right now to beat the rush of other buyers. But the conditions of little inventory remain, and interest rate reductions will be welcomed by buyers and airplane salesmen everywhere, even though fewer airplanes are financed than home purchases.

Q) A buddy of mine owns a Cessna 185. He loves it, but says it is getting a little old, and wonders if Cessna might ever start building 180s or 185s again, or for that matter, other models? I ask because you used to know a few of the big shots at Cessna.
A) My contacts at Cessna are all retired, just like me…but let me mention a few things. In my opinion, Cessna will not resume production of any single-engine aircraft. The sale numbers are not there to pay for new tooling, training, etc., which may be required to resume production of any new model with probable sale numbers of well under 100 per year. That’s a sad statement, but true I feel.

Q) I am a car mechanic at a high-end car dealership. I am also taking flying lessons in a Cessna 152 at our local airport. I am astonished at the difference in technology in the engines I work on, and the engine in that little Cessna. Why aren’t there more modern engines in airplanes…engines that do not need preheating to start, engines that do not develop carb ice, engines that are designed for modern fuels like car gas with ethanol and diesel, engines that do not need manual priming to start, etc.?
A) In fairness, your Cessna 152, and its engine, is at least 40 years old. Cessnas current smallest airplane used for training is the 172, which now has fuel injection, eliminating carb ice. But it is still way behind car and motorcycle technology of today in my opinion. The problem is a lack of possible sales to pay for the massive costs (many millions) of a clean sheet engine design. I don’t see how anyone could spend say $10 million on a new piston engine and ever get it back selling only a few dozen a year.

Q) Last fall, I bought a used Piper Arrow 3 from a friend. A job change has sent me 500 miles away from our old home base airport. The Arrow is due for an annual inspection very soon. I have called nearby airports shopping for the best price for an annual inspection. When I tell them I am a new guy in the area and am looking for an economical annual inspection, I feel I am getting the cold shoulder. Why?
A) Rather than look for the cheapest annual inspection, may I suggest instead you look for a long-term relationship with a reliable maintenance shop. DON’T treat them as an adversary! Almost any aircraft mechanic could go downtown and make more money working on cars or motorcycles. Most airplane mechanics love aviation, and are dedicated to providing safe maintenance for you, the airplane owner. Find a good shop, and stick with them, just like a good family medical doctor. Your first concern should be a quality inspection, not a cheap job!

EDITOR’S NOTE: Pete Schoeninger is a 40-year general aviation veteran, starting out as a line technician as a teenager, advancing through the ranks to become the co-owner and manager of a fixed base operation, and manager of an airport in a major metropolitan community. Pete welcomes questions and comments about aircraft ownership via email at PeterSchoeningerLLC@gmail.com

DISCLAIMER: The information contained in this column is the expressed opinion of the author. Readers are urged to seek the advice of others, including flight instructors, licensed aircraft technicians, airport managers, fixed base operators, and state and federal officials. Neither the author, Midwest Flyer Magazine, Flyer Publications, Inc., their staffs, employees or advertisers assume any liability for the accuracy or content of this column or any other column or article in this publication.

Posted in Ask Pete, Columns, Columns, Columns, Feb/March 2024 | Tagged , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Gated Aviation Community In Texas Installs Schweiss Hydraulic Doors

Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine February/March 2024 Digital Issue

FAIRFAX, MINN. – The concept of airparks isn’t anything new. They are all over the world. Aero Country East in the North Dallas Metroplex has taken the concept to another level, offering high-quality country club-type amenities and a maintenance-free aviation lifestyle community.

SONY DSC

According to Aero Country East developer and pilot, Mike Shell, Texas may be an exception. It has very few aviation lifestyle communities and probably none offer the first-class appeal of Aero Country East, which was designed for pilots by pilots.

Located just 15 nautical miles northeast of the growing north Dallas area within the city limits of McKinney, Texas, Aero Country East not only provides convenience of airport access to a large population of pilots who commute in and out of Dallas, it gives them a comfortable home. A total of 39 customized first-class townhomes are on the site, offering buyers the option to design the interior of their townhomes exactly to their liking.

After a hard day at the office, residents and their families can relax in a beautiful pool that stands out from the air with its Aero Country East logo. Other amenities include three in-pool tables with umbrellas providing shade and a large 14-person hot tub, a firepit, two barbeque grills and full ADA access for those with disabilities. Aero Country East currently has nine residents with room for many more.

Aero Country East doesn’t take the community for granted. They help Boy Scouts get their aviation badge and encourage them to become future pilots. Two annual fly-ins bring pilots in from all directions. Shell says their purpose is to get more and more young people into aviation.

“Municipal airports are supported by tax revenue,” says Shell. They don’t want Stearmans or Pipers; they are looking for corporate jets. We don’t compete with these airports; we fill a need for people coming out to enjoy aviation. We get along nicely with the municipal airports around here.”

A new lighted and paved 3,000-foot by 60-foot runway and a 1,104-foot grass runway and LED windsocks can accommodate most piston and turbine aircraft. Seventy-nine first-grade hangars, three deep along the runway, await owners of a single aircraft or multiple aircraft. Hangars all have Schweiss Doors hydraulic doors. Aero Country East hangars currently house 40 aircraft and the nearby westside airport has an additional 120 aircraft. Visitors can expect to see a variety of aircraft at Aero Country East, including T-6 “Texans,” Stearmans and Pipers.

“We have the best Rolls Royce engine mechanic in the world here,” Shell says. “You also don’t see very many airports with swimming pools, barbeque grills and two 18-hole golf courses that residents can drive their golf carts to. Every airport has a mission and purpose that fits the needs of the pilot. Aero Country East has a concierge service and if you want your plane fueled or floor cleaned, we will do that for you. We fit the aviation lifestyle.”

Shell first became aware of Schweiss hydraulic and bifold door products through a friend. He is very pleased with the Schweiss product and service.

Architectural requirements for uniformity only allow hydraulic doors on Aero Country East hangars. You won’t see a hodgepodge of this and that.

The first floor of each two- or three-story townhome comes with an all-steel 60-foot by 60-foot pre-plumbed hangar, fitted with a hydraulic door. Only steps away is an elevator serving the residence on the second and/or third floor. If the resident isn’t ready to install an elevator, each unit is constructed with an elevator shaft, so it can be done later. Others are putting in beautiful granite floors, bars, and other amenities for entertaining. The hangars are set up electrically to add quarters. One of the residents recently added a first-class kitchen and theater in the hangar.

Although this is a privately owned airport, as a hangar or townhome owner, it can be publicly accessed, enabling pilots to land there when they need to. Unlike other aviation communities, residents own their land and hangar, eliminating the fear of the city taking it from them sometime down the road. Corner lots offer 160,000 square feet, while interior lots are a comfortable 135,000 square feet.

Quite a bit of thought and planning went into Aero Country East. The developers were aware that many small airports had been closing or shrinking for various reasons. Having Aero Country East just below Class B airspace in a metroplex like this is very beneficial.

Since the initial groundbreaking and ribbon cutting ceremony in 2010, Aero Country East has come a long way. However, this is just a start. A six-phase long-range plan will add an additional 40,888 acres to the current 17,305 acres. There will be further landscape and stormwater improvements and plans for retail and restaurant additions in the future.

For more information on Aero Country East, visit www.aerocountryeast.com or call (972) 854-2000.

About Schweiss Doors

Schweiss Doors is the premier manufacturer of hydraulic and bifold liftstrap doors. Doors are custom made to any size for any type of new or existing building for architects and builders determined to do amazing things with their buildings, including the doors. Schweiss also offers a cable to liftstrap conversion package. For more information, visit
www.bifold.com.

Posted in Feb/March 2024, Products & Services, Sections, Sections | Tagged , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Runway Texturing – Friction Recovery Treatments Put the Brakes on Runway Low Friction Worries!

Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine February/March 2024 Digital Issue

Skid resistance, in the context of airplane tires coming in contact with runway pavements and the ability to brake safely within a defined distance, is a core safety component at every airport regardless of size or classification. Pilots generally assume the friction quality is up to FAA standards to confidently takeoff and land aircraft. Pavement texture is a main factor to ensure the necessary friction characteristics of the pavement allowed for safe takeoffs and landings. Add the element of rain and water on the pavement and pavement texture becomes extremely important.

Runway friction may decrease for a variety of reasons. Heavy traffic, plowing, and the rubber removal process, will scuff and polish the sharp points of the aggregate in the pavement causing it to lose friction. Pavement macrotexture and microtexture affect the skid resistance. Macrotexture takes in a broader view of the pavement, mix design, texture depth, and how the pavement disperses water at higher speeds. Microtexture contributes to friction at lower speeds, generally focusing on the individual characteristics (sharpness) of each piece of aggregate.

Pavement texturing restores low friction pavements back to original friction performance levels. The high-speed impact of the steel shot abrades the pavement bi-directionally, creating new points of contact between tire and pavement, improving the macrotexture and surface drainage. The treatment also removes the polished finish on the aggregate, creating new sharp points increasing the microtexture. The steel shot rebounds into an air wash separator, where it is cleaned and returned to the blast wheel for reuse. Any contaminants on the existing pavement, dust, and pavement particles are collected within a containment system for later disposal. The treatment is inexpensive, high production, completed in one-pass, and environmentally friendly. Many applications are executed at night to reduce the number of missed airport operations. Pavement texturing projects have been completed at dozens of military and major international airports in the U.S. and around the world.

Are your pavements a candidate for a friction recovery treatment? A confidential site visit and pavement evaluation is provided at no cost the airports.

For additional information contact John Hunter, Director Airfield Services, Skidabrader Group, LLC: 800.342.4174 (office) or 903.271.1523 (cell).
Email: john.hunter@skidabrader.com

Posted in Airports, All Headlines, Feb/March 2024, Headlines, Headlines | Tagged , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

The (mostly) Forgotten Forward Slip

by Richard Morey
© Copyright 2024. All rights reserved!
Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine February/March 2024 Digital Issue

The “forward slip” was once a common and essential skill for pilots. Unlike more modern aircraft, general aviation airplanes of the post WWII era often had no flaps or if they did have flaps, they were often ineffective. Pilots of those aircraft used forward slips as pilots today use flaps.

As we know adding flaps increases drag, allowing an aircraft to descend at a greater rate without increasing speed. A properly executed forward slip does the same. Today pilots who fly those older aircraft still utilize forward slips to good advantage. Our new generation of pilots, trained on aircraft with effective flaps, seldom use forward slips as they generally are not needed. Most private pilots learn forward slips as part of the private test standards and once the checkride is over, tend to forget about them. This article will examine the advantages and disadvantages of forward slips. We will review how to set up a forward slip, and when it makes sense to use one.

My fondness for forward slips goes back to the early 1990s. Our family’s fixed base operation was approached to fly freight from Middleton, Wisconsin to the Chicago area. The contract was lucrative enough that my father added two single-engine aircraft on our charter ticket and trained three relatively new flight instructors to fly the route. I was lucky enough to be one of the pilots chosen. The three of us spent a great deal of time in preparation for both the knowledge and flight portions of the checkride. I was still running the shop at that time. My knowledge of aircraft systems as an A&P technician and IA certainly came in handy in our study sessions.

We were flying both a Cessna 172RG (retractable gear) and a fixed gear Cessna 182 Skylane. The checkride was to be in the 172RG. On a side note, the 172RG/182RG retractable landing gear aircraft in my opinion is simply the best single-engine retractable system Cessna ever made. It is elegant in its simplicity, reliable, and very easy to rig and maintain. Like any other aircraft system, it does, however, need proper maintenance.
The day of the checkride finally came. The ground knowledge portion had gone well or at least as well enough that all three of us had progressed to the flight portion. I had been cautioned about who we would be flying with. Our Principle Operating Inspector (POI) was known for her directness. She was not at all reluctant about pointing out any perceived deficiencies in detail. I learned on the flight that she also had a wicked sense of humor.

The flight portion was almost over. My maneuvers met test standards. I had pumped the gear down with no problem. I was beginning to relax. I was on downwind for a short field landing, about to throttle back opposite the point of touchdown, when she pulled the power to idle and informed me that we were instead doing a power-off 180-to-accuracy landing. This maneuver is in most pilots’ estimation, the most difficult of the commercial maneuvers. Landing short, long or having to go around, will get you a pink slip on your commercial checkride.

With this in mind, I trimmed for best glide. I remember my focus was not to be low, so of course I rolled out high on final. Full flaps down and I knew I was going to be long. Without conscious thought, I transitioned into a forward slip. The added drag steepened my descent. I kept the forward slip in until round out and made the landing within tolerances.

As we taxied back, I was treated to an assessment of my landing: “Mr. Morey, aren’t forward slips with full flaps NOT RECOMMENDED in a 172?” I replied that they indeed were not recommended. I was prepared to justify my actions with the “In case of an emergency, the pilot-in-command may deviate from the regulations to the extent necessary to meet that emergency,” but was saved the trouble. For the first time on the checkride, I saw my POI smile. Her voice softened, and she said, “They sure work well though.”

What exactly is a forward slip?

My favorite albeit obsolescent advisory circular, AC61-21A, defines a forward slip as “…a descent with one wing lowered and the airplane’s longitudinal axis at an angle to the flightpath.” Furthermore, the forward slip “is a slip in which the airplane’s direction of motion continues the same as before the slip was begun.”

Think of the airplane “slipping” through the air in the direction of the lowered wing. In a forward slip, the airplane is slipping forward. Side slips have the aircraft slipping sideways through the air ideally offsetting the crosswind drift. Please see the illustration from AC61-21A, as it is much easier to understand the drawing than my written description.

Slips are uncoordinated states of flight, and as such add drag. This additional drag should be kept in mind when performing ether slip. Also keep in mind that some pilots find flying in an uncoordinated manner to be uncomfortable. Practice will help pilots become more accustomed to this.

To enter a slip, one lowers the wing on the side one chooses to slip towards. If there is a crosswind, it is best practice to lower the upwind wing. As you lower the wing simultaneously and smoothly apply the opposite rudder, I teach my students to apply full rudder and control the ground track by varying the bank angle with ailerons.

The FAA cautions pilots to not over speed the aircraft and raise the nose when establishing the forward slip. My experience as a flight instructor has been that students tend to pull back on the yoke when entering a slip. This results in slowing the aircraft beyond best glide. Sufficient to say that attention should be paid to the aircraft’s attitude and a safe airspeed must be maintained when slipping the aircraft. I advise my students to hold 5 knots above their normal approach speed when in a slip in order to be safe.

Airspeed indications may well be off during any slip due to relative wind being at an angle to the pitot tube, and pressure being lower or higher than ambient on the static source in a forward slip. If the static source is on the wing high side of a forward slip, relative wind is impacting the static source which increases the pressure sensed slightly. If the static source is on the wing low side of a forward slip, then there is a slight relative vacuum around the source reducing the sensed pressure. Adding 5 knots to best glide or approach speed may have us err on the side of caution, but the extra speed helps to avoid a low-altitude cross control stall.

At a recent VMC club meeting, a student pilot asked me if there was an altitude below which you should not initiate or maintain a forward slip. My response was typical of most flight instructors I know, “it depends.”

The altitude at which a pilot enters and exits a forward slip is completely dependent on pilot proficiency. I am quite comfortable holding a forward slip through glide, round off and flare, then aligning the longitudinal axis of the aircraft with the direction of flight just prior to touchdown. This is accomplished by leveling the wings and pulling the nose of the aircraft to the desired position with rudder. The FAA suggests simultaneously relaxing the rudder being held… I suggest simultaneously pulling the nose straight with opposite rudder. Applying rudder to pull the nose is a more positive control input and seems to work better for my students. Adjust the pitch attitude to attain the approach speed desired. Less experienced pilots would be well advised to enter and exit a forward slip at higher altitudes.

To practice forward slips, I suggest spending time with an instructor. I start my students at 2500 feet above ground level or higher, an altitude at which we could recover from a stall at least 1500 feet above ground level. Using a ground reference, such as a long straight road or distant broadcast tower, I first demonstrate the maneuver. A power-off glide is established and initially at least no flaps are extended. The forward slip is entered by smoothly banking one wing and smoothly and relatively slowly adding opposite rudder to maximum deflection and holding it. Directional control is now dependent on bank angle. By pointing out that the natural tendency is to raise the nose, and how to adjust the pitch to increase normal glide by 5 knots, it shows the student both what to expect when they enter the maneuver and how to adjust.

We practice entering the forward slip, gliding in a forward slip, and exiting the forward slip by leveling the wings and aligning the nose of the aircraft on the reference point. Only when the student is comfortable in these three phases of the maneuver, do we move on to pattern work.

Instructors should pay close attention to the airspeed and not allow the student to stall the aircraft. A forward slip has one advantage over flaps, in that you can come out of a forward slip at any time. Once flaps are extended, manufacturers recommend leaving them down unless you are going around. Pulling flaps up while gliding results in sink. Coming out of a forward slip does not.

As on my checkride, a forward slip can come in very handy in getting into a tight landing spot. With modern aircraft that have effective flaps, you should simply go around if you find yourself too high on final. In an emergency situation, where going around is not an option, a forward slip may allow a safe landing, rather than running off the end of a runway. To be clear, I do not advocate going against manufacturers’ recommendations. FYI, Cessna advises against using slips with full flaps in 172s. My understanding is that forward slips place a significant side load on the 172’s flaps. I have also been told that it is possible to wash out the airflow over the horizontal stabilizer and elevator if in a forward slip with full flaps down, again in a 172. This would result in an elevator stall. During an elevator stall, the aircraft’s nose will drop rapidly much like a normal stall, only the ailerons will still have authority. To recover, simply transition out of the forward slip to coordinated flight. This will restore the airflow over the tail and bring the noise back up.

In summary, a forward slip is used to add drag to an airplane during a glide to landing. This results in a steeper angle of descent without increasing airspeed. A forward slip is entered by smoothly lowering one wing and smoothly applying full opposite rudder. Care should be taken to establish and maintain a safe approach speed. I recommend adding 5 knots to your normal approach speed in order to compensate for possible inaccurate indicated airspeed due to the slip.

Practice forward slips first at altitude and with a flight instructor. The advantage of forward slips over flaps is that you can come out of a forward slip at any time. Finally, if a go-around is possible, it should be initiated as soon as it is clear that you are higher than you should be on final approach. If you have full flaps extended, do not try to fix an approach that is too high with a forward slip, unless you are very comfortable with the maneuver and your aircraft manufacturer allows it.

EDITOR’S NOTE: Richard Morey was born into an aviation family. He is the third generation to operate the family FBO and flight school, Morey Airplane Company at Middleton Municipal Airport – Morey Field (C29). Among Richard’s diverse roles include charter pilot, flight instructor, and airport manager. He holds an ATP, CFII, MEII, and is an Airframe and Powerplant Mechanic (A&P) with Inspection Authorization (IA). Richard has been an active flight instructor since 1991 with over 15,000 hours instructing, and more than 20,000 hours total time. Of his many roles, flight instruction is by far his favorite! Comments are welcomed via email at Rich@moreyairport.com or by telephone at 608-836-1711. (www.MoreyAirport.com).

DISCLAIMER: The information contained in this column is the expressed opinion of the author only. Readers are advised to seek the advice of their personal flight instructor, aircraft technician, and others, and refer to the Federal Aviation Regulations, FAA Aeronautical Information Manual, and instructional materials concerning any procedures discussed herein.

Posted in Columns, Columns, Columns, Feb/March 2024, Pilot Proficiency | Tagged , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Fall Afternoon

by Dean Zakos
© Copyright 2024. All rights reserved!
Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine February/March 2024 Digital Issue

Where did the time go? I remember clearly my first flight as a student, as it seems it was not that long ago. But any calendar will certainly demonstrate that it was. A recent flight, once again, reminded me of the pure joy and simple satisfaction that aviation brings to those willing to venture aloft.

My friend Pete called me on short notice to inquire if I wanted to join him on a fuel run from Middleton – Morey Field (C29) to Sauk/Prairie Airport (91C), Wisconsin on a weekday afternoon in October. Without hesitation, I said “Yes.”

As aviators, even if we lack a particularly alluring destination or practical mission to fly from Point A to Point B, we should still seize the opportunities to make the more mundane, but no less beneficial, “fuel runs,” “engine preservation flights,” and “pilot proficiency flights” as often as we are able.

Pete, a CFI, owns and pilots a Zenith STOL CH 801, a 180 horsepower Lycoming-powered, four-seat, kit-built aircraft. Made from sheet aluminum, it employs a deep wing cord, full-length leading-edge slats, and trailing edge flaperons. It is painted red over yellow with a “checkerboard square” design on the tail. He asked me to bring a jacket, although when I arrived at the airport there was bright sunshine, a few large clouds scattered here and there shading areas on the ground, and mild temperatures. Upon seeing the airplane, I understood his request, as the doors had been removed and this flight, albeit a bit breezy, would offer good views of the Wisconsin autumn landscape unimpeded by a door or window.

The Zenith is a fun airplane to fly, with a shareable “Y” control stick centered between the front seats, nimble responses in each axis, good visibility all the way around, and short takeoff and landing capabilities. As I buckled in, I noticed that the only barrier between me and the open air was a sheet metal edge rising next to my seat no more than a few inches above the floor. My right elbow extended into the slipstream. I made sure the seat belt and shoulder harness were both engaged and secure.

Our heading after takeoff was northwest. Once airborne, I was flying and holding a rough course by focusing on landmarks, such as a lake, a field, or a clearing on the horizon ahead of us. The Zenith sits slightly nose high in level flight, which is a bit disconcerting at first. The same sight picture in my airplane results in a climb. Power set. On course. Level altitude. Even with noise-cancelling headsets, we knew from the steady vibrations the engine was strong and running smoothly. There was some gentle buffeting, but Pete explained that the airplane did not fly much differently with the doors on or off.

Solid overcast, gray and rippled, started to move in. I didn’t notice at first. The absence of distinct areas of light and shadow on the landscape below should have been an early indication. We were losing some of our sunshine. Coming from the southwest, the line was sliding toward us, but well above our current altitude. With the darker cloud cover, it grew a little chilly. I was glad to have my jacket. I drew the zipper up to my neck. Now, I wished I had gloves as well.

There is something unique – and incomparable – about sitting in an airplane on a crisp October afternoon and enjoying another pilot’s company and the scenery spreading out below us. We didn’t talk much; we didn’t have to. Friendship and airplanes go together. There is a kinship among aviators, even with those we have never met, in the sky.

At that moment, suspended in space, very little, if any, of the outside world mattered to either of us. Our friendship, the airplane, the intended destination, were all that was important. Earthly troubles, nagging worries, and incessant challenges, some seemingly small, others large, in our daily home or work lives, do not exist up here.

In my view, whether you are a new student pilot or a retired ATP, we all share the same love for flying. Knowledge base, experience, and flight hours may be singular to each pilot’s logbook, but something within compelled each of us at some point in our lives to take that first step, to commit to that first airplane ride and, most importantly, to follow through with the necessary study, consistent training and practice, and dedication to reach the goal. That is what we share – with pilots today, with those who, having Gone West, took to the sky before us, and with those who will come after.

The Wisconsin River came into view on the horizon. The river is east of 91C, now a few miles off on our left, and we decided to follow its meandering path north past the airport. We traced the river’s banks about 2,000 feet above it. “Let’s follow the river a bit until we reach the Merrimac Ferry,” Pete suggested. It was a Thursday afternoon, about 2:00 pm. Not much activity on the river. Boats that were so plentiful in July, busy in the summer months with water skiing, sailing, and fishing, now sit tied up at the marinas and piers jutting into the water. In a few weeks, they will be in storage. A month after that, ice and snow will cover Lake Wisconsin. Pete points out a restaurant he visited last winter on the lake. He landed on the ice and taxied up for a warm bowl of chili.

When we reached the Merrimac Ferry crossing, we easily identified the rectangular-shaped boat from its wake on the river. It was about halfway across. “I’ll make the turn around the ferry,” I told Pete, using the slow-moving vessel as the center point for the turn. I completed about 230 degrees of the circle and rolled out on a southerly heading, following the river’s shoreline again back toward Sauk/Prairie. Later, I checked our CloudAhoy track, and my turn around the ferry was passable. Not a perfect sphere, yet close. Admittedly, not much wind to account for.

We set up for a midfield left downwind entry to Runway 18 at Sauk/Prairie. Pete made the radio calls. No traffic. The airport belonged to us. I flew base and down to short final, where Pete called “My airplane.” He managed a nicely stabilized approach and flair, and the runway centerline neatly split the Zenith’s fuselage and main gear. Pete’s mantra for landing the Zenith, repeated out loud for my benefit, is “Pitch . . . Pitch . . . Pitch.” As we touched down, I noticed how close I was to the asphalt pavement streaking by me. Even at a slow landing speed, you can get quite a sensation of speed when you are sitting only a few feet off the ground with nothing between you and the on-rushing air. How many people have ever had the opportunity to experience that?

Sauk/Prairie offers Swift 94 UL fuel. From what I understand, it is environmentally friendly, results in cleaner burning spark plugs, and requires fewer oil changes. The fuel is becoming more widely available. An STC is required. I will have to check into it. After a short-cut taxing on the grass, Pete parked the Zenith straight on in front of the pumps.

Fueling was uneventful, but it never ceases to amaze me at the number of self-service pumps I have encountered with display screens that simply cannot be read without some confusion or consternation. The screens are often hazy, clouded, crazed from years of exposure to the elements, or difficult to read in any sunlight, despite the flaps or hoods you usually find above them. “Is that a ‘3’ or an ‘8’? Who knows?” I will not expound on my opinions regarding the unique “buttonology” required for the operation of each airport’s self-service pumps.

While on the ground, we both commented on how the afternoon sky had transformed. No more vast swaths of sunshine. In its place, steel gray overcast had almost completely overtaken the blue sky we started our flight with. Contrasted against the golden fields and turning trees, it was a perfect mix and match of autumn colors. When finished with fueling, we rewound the fuel hose back on its clanking reel and, with a single, sharp jerk after detaching from the plane’s exhaust stack, retracted the grounding wire.

Pete handled the takeoff and, once we reached pattern altitude, again offered me the chance to take the controls. “You have the airplane.” “I have the airplane,” was my response, and I transitioned from being the pilot-not-flying to the pilot-flying. “What heading do we want to fly?” I asked.

“Look to the southeast,” Pete helpfully replied. “What do you see on the horizon?” It took me a moment to understand what he meant. I squinted through the windshield, not quite sure of what I was looking for. “Do you see the six wind turbines?” Pete asked. There they were. Or rather, what appeared to be miniatures, standing stark and upright against the sky, in the distance. The wind turbines are located on a hill about four miles from our destination. If we headed toward them, we tracked toward our airport. On a VFR day, flying and navigating can be simply accomplished. No GPS, ForeFlight, or glass screens required.

What remained for us to do on this flight? – only to monitor course, altitude, and our engine instruments. And, enjoy our time in the air. I do not know if we “topped the windswept heights with easy grace,” as John Gillespie Magee, Jr. so eloquently wrote long ago in his famous poem “High Flight,” but I think on that afternoon I understood what he was attempting to convey. We all do.

My first step toward becoming a pilot took place on a March afternoon at Batten Field in Racine, Wisconsin (KRAC) with a sky and clouds similar to what we saw today. “You sit in the left seat. You’ll do the takeoff and I’ll follow through with you on the controls,” my flight instructor casually informed me. The Cessna 172 Skyhawk was unfamiliar to me and a bit imposing, with its myriad of gauges, switches, and controls. “I must be able to do this if the instructor thinks I can,” I assured myself. As we gained speed down the runway, I gently pulled back on the yoke. Thirty (30) years after that first flight, I still experience many of the same sensations and feelings as I did the first time. What I have tried to do with my writing is capture those experiences and moments; experiences and moments we all have enjoyed, and we all have shared. The flight to Sauk/Prairie on that October afternoon re-affirmed the reason why I always wanted to fly.

Morey Field has one turf runway running North-South and one longer intersecting paved runway running East-West. For a non-towered airport, it is often very busy, with a helpful staff and a good maintenance shop. There is student traffic and a fair amount of general aviation traffic in the pattern and in the vicinity of the airport. About 10 miles northwest of C29, we noted on the CTAF that one aircraft was departing and one aircraft on downwind – both using Runway 28 for touch-and-goes. Pete decided to land on the turf, as the wind slightly favored Runway 19. We visually identified both aircraft sharing this small patch of sky with us. Pete announced that we would fly upwind, left cross, and left downwind for 19. There were no conflicts. Everyone reported, followed the patterns, and understood where the other traffic was and what each would do.

On crosswind flying east, we were presented with a view of Lake Mendota and the Capitol building beyond, standing majestic and alone above the isthmus skyline that crowds downtown Madison. We banked left over the beltline and followed it a short distance on our downwind leg. I turned base. The sight picture looked good. After turning final, I again relinquished the controls to Pete for the landing. Pete radioed the aircraft just turning on base for Runway 28 that we would stop short of 28 after landing.

Passing over a house and some trees on short final, the threshold of the grass runway flashed by underneath us. Pete is more than proficient at flying the Zenith – and many other airplanes as well. I have flown with him often enough to know we would be on speed, on glide path, and in the center of the runway for the landing. Had I closed my eyes, I am not sure I could swear when we were down. Soft. Sure. Confidently accomplished.

“Nice landing,” I said. However, I could not help but to playfully qualify my compliment. “I think it must be the soft turf or those big wheels.” We both laughed.

Two friends laughing and flying on a fall afternoon.

EDITOR’S NOTE: Dean Zakos (Private Pilot ASEL, Instrument) of Madison, Wisconsin, is the author of “Laughing with the Wind, Practical Advice and Personal Stories from a General Aviation Pilot.” Mr. Zakos has also written numerous short stories and flying articles for Midwest Flyer Magazine and other aviation publications.

DISCLAIMER: Mr. Zakos’ articles involve creative writing, and therefore the information presented may be fictional in nature, and should not be used for flight, or misconstrued as instructional material. Readers are urged to always consult with their personal flight instructor and others about anything discussed herein.

Posted in Columns, Columns, Columns, Feb/March 2024, Flight Experiences | Tagged , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Efforts To Speed Up Certification

by Dr. Bill Blank, MD
Senior Aviation Medical Examiner
© Copyright 2024. All rights reserved!
Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine February/March 2024 Digital Issue

The FAA is acutely aware that its certification delays are excessive. It has made efforts on several fronts to speed up the process. Issuing guidelines for Aviation Medical Examiners (AMEs) to certify various conditions which previously required an FAA decision is an example. Conditions AMEs Can Issue (CACIs) are one result. There are now 24 CACIs. These are conditions considered to be low risk and routinely issued. Policies for other conditions, which are more complicated and riskier to certify, have been developed. I want to discuss one in detail.

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a condition characterized by varying degrees of inattentiveness, difficulty concentrating and focusing, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. These symptoms can have an effect on aviation safety. It is frequently treated with varying degrees of success with stimulants such as Ritalin. Out of an abundance of caution, the traditional certification process for ADHD has been complicated, long, and thorough. This, of course, delays certification. Recently a Fast Track process has been added for applicants who meet certain criteria. These include no treatment with ADHD medication for the last 4 years, no instability in academic, occupational or social functioning in the last 4 years, and no other current or historical psychiatric diagnosis or condition. If these criteria are met, the applicant can use the Fast Track. The applicant can be evaluated by a local doctoral level (PhD or PsyD) licensed psychologist or neuropsychologist with training in the condition. The applicant will also be required to provide the above-mentioned historical material to the psychologist or neuropsychologist in advance. If the examiner feels certification is appropriate, he completes an FAA form which is taken to the AME who can issue the medical certificate, if the airman is otherwise qualified. The AME will upload the supporting documents to the FAA, or the applicant can mail it in. If the applicant cannot be certified via the Fast Track, the exam must be deferred for evaluation through the traditional path.

One of the causes of FAA certification delays is difficulty recruiting FAA physicians. Most are retired military doctors. The FAA is authorized for 52. Currently they have approximately 40. Because of peculiarities in government pay rules, physicians from this recruiting pool can make approximately $50,000 more annually for similar jobs in other governmental agencies than with the FAA. In addition, the FAA physicians have mandatory overtime because of the backlogs. This is not attractive to many retiring military physicians and hampers recruitment efforts. It is a problem yet to be solved.

Happy flying!

EDITOR’S NOTE: Columnist William A. Blank is a physician in La Crosse, Wisconsin, and has been an Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) since 1978, and a Senior AME since 1985. Dr. Blank is a retired Ophthalmologist, but still gives some of the ophthalmology lectures at AME renewal seminars. Flying-wise, Dr. Blank holds an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate and has 6000 hours. He is a Certified Flight Instructor – Instrument (CFII) and has given over 1200 hours of aerobatic instruction. In addition, Dr. Blank was an airshow performer through the 2014 season and has held a Statement of Aerobatic Competency (SAC) since 1987. He was inducted into the Wisconsin Aviation Hall of Fame in 2021.

DISCLAIMER: The information contained in this column is the expressed opinion of the author only, and readers are advised to seek the advice of others, including their own AME, and refer to the Federal Aviation Regulations and FAA Aeronautical Information Manual for additional information and clarification.

Posted in Columns, Columns, Columns, Feb/March 2024, High On Health | Tagged , , , , , | Leave a comment

“If I can’t walk, I can still fly!”

 

 

Peyton Wolter behind the controls of a “Magnaghi Sky Arrow.”

A story about the willpower and determination of Peyton Wolter

by Dave Weiman
Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine February/March 2024 Digital Issue

For those of us who have ever had a broken leg, a hip replacement or both, or something more debilitating, we know that life moves slower – at least during rehabilitation. You are also dependent on tools like walkers, crutches, and shower benches. Every move must be calculated or else you increase your pain and can cause further damage to your body. You just can’t jump out of bed in the morning and run to the shower. The challenges – physically and psychologically – for people with prolonged injuries, are much greater.

Such is the case for Peyton Wolter of Watertown, Wisconsin. A boating accident in 2017, while fishing in Canada, left her paralyzed from the waist down. Down but not out. She had the willpower to go higher than she had ever gone before. She took up flying!

From a young age, the outdoors has been a constant in her life. Peyton developed a passion for active pursuits and has never backed down from a new adventure. Hunting, fishing, hiking, snowmobiling, wakeboarding, scuba diving – Peyton does them all.

Flight instructor, Nick Kass, with Peyton Wolter and the “Magnaghi Sky Arrow” she learned to fly in.

During her recovery, Peyton was introduced to the world of aviation when she took her first flight at Wisconsin Aviation in Watertown, Wisconsin. The freedom and sense of community that flying offered resonated deeply within her, and she was hooked from day one. In 2020, with the help of an “Able Flight Scholarship,” Peyton obtained her Sport Pilot Certificate, marking a significant milestone in her story.

I asked Peyton what is it that she likes most about flying?

“Short answer… Like anyone, the freedom to defy gravity it offers. Long answer… The experience of being a pilot has added an extra layer to my journey. Flying has played a pivotal role in my recovery and in regaining confidence in myself. It has given me a sense of belonging within a community and a distinct perspective on life. More than that, it has filled the void in my life that was created when I no longer could walk or run. Flying is a dimension of existence that eludes most people… If I can’t walk, I can still fly!”

Nick Kass, a 2021 graduate of Purdue University, was Peyton’s flight instructor. Peyton was Nick’s very first student pilot he soloed and recommended for a checkride. “Nick was an excellent instructor and went above and beyond to train me.”

The aircraft Peyton flew was a “Magnaghi Sky Arrow,” a pusher-style, Rotax-powered, high-wing, Light Sport Aircraft, specially equipped with hand controls. “Hand controls are inserted for the rudder pedals and brakes,” says Peyton. “It functions as a normal airplane when the T-handle adaptation is in place. “

Peyton said flying the aircraft took practice, but since she was new to flying, she had nothing to compare it with. “The thing I struggled with the most was the rudder adaptation which wasn’t like your typical left and right motion. Instead, you push forward for right-rudder and pull back for left-rudder. Combined with the side-to-side motion of the aileron stick, it took some getting used to.”

I asked Peyton if she knew Jessica Cox, the first person born without arms who learned to fly. Jessica owns a rudderless 1946 Ercoupe and is currently building and adapting an RV (https://midwestflyer.com/?p=13704).

“Yes, I do know Jessica through ‘Able Flight,’ an organization whose mission is to offer people with disabilities a unique way to challenge themselves through flight and aviation career training. By learning to fly, people with disabilities can gain greater self-confidence and self-reliance (https://ableflight.org/).

Being so new to aviation, Peyton does not know enough pilots who she can say she admires over another.

“I don’t have any specific idols in mind, but rather all the women who paved the way before me, as well as all my peers in my class. We all had unique challenges in life, and to pursue a pilot’s license in a short timeframe of two months, required a lot of dedication and hard work.”

Throughout her accident, recovery, and flight training, Peyton’s family has been by her side.

Her older brother, Nic, was not surprised that she would chase after an adventure like flying. “My parents were a little nervous at first about the thought of me learning to fly, but fully supported me along the way, and think it is great that I found something I love again.”

Peyton has taken her mom flying and looks forward to taking more family members flying once she has greater access to an “adapted” aircraft.

Peyton believes in the work aviation organizations are doing to promote and represent pilots, but wish they were more inclusive towards people with disabilities. “There isn’t a lot of representation for those of us with physical limitations.”

Peyton Wolter (left) with fellow members of the Recreational Aviation Foundation (RAF).

Peyton is a member of Chapter 320 of the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) in Watertown, Wisconsin, and the Recreational Aviation Foundation (RAF), which she supports by helping the organization manage its social media outlets.

Education-wise, Peyton has a degree in Marketing from Moraine Park Technical College and is finishing up on her Bachelor of Science Degree in Business from the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay. She is currently working in marketing at “Trek Bicycle Corporation,” headquartered in Waterloo, Wisconsin.

Realizing that a career as a commercial pilot might not be possible, I asked Peyton if she ever considered becoming an air traffic controller.

“I considered it at one time, but ultimately the job wouldn’t be for me,” says Peyton. “I don’t think it would fit into my lifestyle very well. So, for now, I will continue to stay at Trek – a company I really like working for.”

Peyton continues to fly with friends and looks forward to owning her own adapted airplane one day. “The world of aviation holds boundless opportunities for me and fuels my passion for outdoor recreation and new adventures.”

Posted in All Features, Features, Features, Feb/March 2024, People | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

NATA Announces Advent of Aviation Apprenticeship Tracking Tool

Easy-to-implement resource to develop test-ready,
certificated technicians in 18 to 30 months.

Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine February/March 2024 Digital Issue

Washington, DC – The National Air Transportation Association (NATA) in cooperation with its Maintenance Committee, is pleased to introduce the NATA Aviation Apprenticeship Tracking Tool – a resource to assist members with developing test-ready and well-documented aviation maintenance technician applicants. This member-only resource provides a turn-key process for documenting on-the-job tasks required by the FAA to meet the minimum qualifications for an FAA signed and completed FAA Form 8610-2, which enables applicants to take the required testing for certification.

The NATA Aviation Apprenticeship Tracking Tool eases visibility of the technician applicant progress toward a full FAA Aviation Mechanic Certificate with privileges of Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) in just over 30 months or privileges of Airframe or Powerplant in just over 18 months.

Available as an Excel download, the tool is based on the FAA Aviation Mechanic General, Airframe, and Powerplant Airman Certification Standards (FAA-S-ACS-1), which communicate the aeronautical knowledge, risk management, and skill proficiency standards required for the Aviation Mechanic Certificate.

“We are incredibly proud of the innovative and selfless spirit of our Maintenance Committee members in developing solutions to prevalent industry issues like workforce recruitment and development,” stated NATA President and CEO Curt Castagna. “NATA is pleased to support a member-driven resource that follows FAA guidance to provide a more comprehensive pathway to employee mechanic certification. The NATA Aviation Apprenticeship Tracking Tool prepares an applicant to return to an MRO as an FAA certificated aircraft mechanic more expediently and efficiently with credible training, real-world experience, and profit-making ability.” The NATA Aviation Apprenticeship Tracking Tool is a versatile and comprehensive resource providing:

• An FAA-recognized template to record “real-world hands-on” experience in all segments needed to qualify for testing.
• A quick visual check of where applicants stand in meeting or exceeding the minimum requirements leading up to the testing phase.
• Tracking ability for full piston- through turbine-based technicians.
• Customization toward a company’s business specialty.
• A clear pathway for non-certificated technicians working in paint, interior, or other areas to pursue an Aviation Mechanic Certificate (A&P).
NATA members can learn more and log into their member portal here to download the NATA Apprenticeship Tracking Tool at no additional cost. Information on NATA membership can be found here. The association extends sincere appreciation to Dan Lane, Vice President of Technical Services at AERO CENTERS, for his leadership, as well as the entire Maintenance Committee’s input, in the development of this valuable resource.

The National Air Transportation Association has been the voice of aviation business for 80 years. Representing nearly 3,700 aviation businesses, NATA’s member companies provide a broad range of services to general aviation, the airlines and the military and serves as the public policy group representing the interests of aviation businesses before Congress and federal agencies (www.nata.aero).

Posted in All Headlines, Feb/March 2024, Government/Legislation, Headlines, Headlines | Tagged , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Big 70-foot Hydraulic Door Opens Tennessee Jet Hangar

Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine February/March 2024 Digital Issue

FAIRFAX, MINN. – With nine locations in Tennessee and Mississippi, Dr. Ron Bingham, 57, has an interesting business model requiring aircraft from his hangar in Jackson, Tenn., to visit his satellite clinics in rural areas.

“We typically have two small planes and a Citation jet,” says Bingham, a physician specializing in neurological testing (electromyography or EMG). Bingham Nerve & Muscle specializes in state-of-the-art nerve and muscle testing. Their clinics have become the standard for accurate and comprehensive evaluations of the peripheral nervous system – the “electrical system” of the body.

Dr. Bingham’s hangar has a 70 by 16-ft Schweiss Doors hydraulic door, equipped with remote openers. He keeps a CJ1 and a Cirrus SR22 in the 90-foot by 70-foot newly constructed hangar, built by S & G Stephens Construction of Paris, Tenn. The hangar is located at McKeller-Sipes Regional Airport in Jackson.

“I chose a hydraulic door because I wanted maximum clearance to accommodate as many Citation models as we could,” Bingham says. “This door will accommodate a CJ3.”
Bingham says he learned about Schweiss Doors in a magazine years ago. He didn’t consider any other door manufacturer.

Bingham is a father of four, living in Jackson. An avid aviation enthusiast, he has owned more than 20 different airplanes since learning to fly in 1989. He is a private pilot with IFR and ME privileges. Bingham is type-rated in the Citation 500 series and holds a Citation 525S rating. His love of flying evolved from travels he took with his dad, who was in the Peace Corps.

About Schweiss Doors

Schweiss Doors is the premier manufacturer of hydraulic and bifold liftstrap doors. Doors are custom made to any size for any type of new or existing building for architects and builders determined to do amazing things with their buildings, including the doors. Schweiss also offers a cable to lift strap conversion package. For more information, visit www.bifold.com.

Posted in Feb/March 2024, Products & Services, Sections, Sections | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Hi-Tech Confusion, What Do I Do Now?

QUESTION:
Dear ForeFlight:

While flying and on the ground, a message for my approach appeared stating: “GEO-RE DISABLED.” Geo-ref data is not current, geo-referencing disabled.”

Is there something wrong with my subscription?
Please advise.
Thank you!
ForeFlight Customer

ANSWER:
Dear ForeFlight Customer:

The “Geo-ref data is not current, geo-referencing disabled” error message, means the data was not current.

Please go to an airport, along your route, and open up an approach plate. If the plate is up to date and doesn’t show as expired and all downloads have green checkmarks next to them under More >Downloads, then your geo-referencing should work.

Using the PACK feature before a flight is a good way to make sure you will have the most current data for a flight. The PACK feature creates an “envelope” around your planned route and checks to see which items need to be downloaded. The envelope covers 25nm on either side of the enroute course, and within a 50nm radius around the destination and departure airports. PACK will always check for the latest METARs, TAFs, AIR/SIGMETS, TFRs, Fuel Prices, NOTAMs, Documents, Airport Database, and Obstacles. See details in the videos linked below:

• What is the PACK feature?

You can set up which type of chart and map data you want PACK to update, by going to:

• MORE > DOWNLOADS > DATA SETTINGS and select options, such as IFR Low, Terminal Procedures, or VFR Charts. PACK only offers downloads for those items that are not already downloaded to your device.

The information that is downloaded using PACK is accessed during the normal use of ForeFlight.

• Weather data can be found on MAP overlays and on the AIRPORTS page.

• Terminal Procedures can be found from within the AIRPORTS page or by searching for them on the PLATES page.

• NOTAMS are displayed on the AIRPORTS page.
See the link below for data stored when using PACK, and its refresh rate when you are connected to reliable internet.

• How long does my downloaded Internet or Packed data stay on my device within the app?

You can view which states are downloaded by PACK and delete unwanted states by going to MORE > DOWNLOADS. If packed data is not part of your normal downloads, then when the data expires, it will be deleted from the system automatically.

If your route is changed, use the PACK feature to re-evaluate the downloads and re-alert you of any available downloads. Every 10 minutes, PACK can be used to recheck the current route for new weather and NOTAMs.

For more on PACK, please see the Pilot’s Guide to ForeFlight Mobile. You can also view this guide in ForeFlight Mobile under Documents -> Catalog-> ForeFlight.

Best Regards,
Emily
Pilot Support Team
team@foreflight.com
 (www.foreflight.com)

Posted in All Headlines, Feb/March 2024, Headlines, Headlines, Technology | Tagged , , , , , | Leave a comment