Figure It Out

by Diane Earhart
© Copyright 2023. All rights reserved!
Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine October/November 2023 Digital Issue

Checklists are good. You should use them. But what do you do when something happens for which there is no checklist?

What do you do when there’s a catastrophic engine failure on a Boeing DC-10 that cuts through hydraulic lines? Al Haynes knows. Haynes (August 31, 1931 – August 25, 2019) flew for United Airlines, and on July 19, 1989, was the captain of United Airlines Flight 232 which crashed in Sioux City, Iowa. Using his ingenuity and skill as a pilot, Haynes managed to control the aircraft by alternating the thrust in both engines, keeping it in a slow, circling descent for more than 40 minutes. Haynes worked with air traffic controllers to find a place to put the plane down, eventually deciding on Sioux City’s Gateway Airport. The plane crashed and exploded and 112 people died, but 184 people lived.

What do you do when a flock of geese goes through both engines?

Chesley Burnett “Sully” Sullenberger III knows. He is best known for his actions as the captain of US Airways Flight 1549 in which he and his copilot, Jeff Skiles, ditched an Airbus A320 in the Hudson River in 2009 shortly after taking off from LaGuardia, having lost all engine power. The 155 people aboard survived.

You take what you know, add two and two together, and come up with an answer that makes sense. You figure it out.

I had recently become current after more than two decades of inactivity following two decades of flying and flight instructing a lot. I was flying a Cessna 150 with a fresh annual after several years of inactivity. What could possibly go wrong? More than half of my scant couple thousand hours are in Cessna 150s and 152s. It’s an airplane I call “home.”

I departed St. Louis Downtown Airport mid-morning on a cloudless day with light winds and pointed the airplane south for a 200-mile flight to West Memphis Municipal Airport (KAWM), where I would deliver the aircraft to its new owner. I could fly classic IFR – “I Follow Roads AND a River!” I opted for pilotage with a paper sectional.

I wasn’t far outside the Class D airspace when I realized the directional gyro (DG) was deviating a lot. And I define “a lot” as 90 degrees every 5 to 10 minutes. I guess I’d be flying to Memphis using the magnetic compass. Less than ideal, but not a problem. The little airplane kept trying to drift to the left along the yaw axis. I would be fighting the heading for the next couple hours. Luckily, my course was almost straight south, so following section lines would help me stay on course.

The sun was in my eyes just enough to bounce off some haze to thwart a lot of forward visual reference points. Not that there are a lot of visual checkpoints over the flat farmlands of southern Illinois and Missouri. The King/Bendix wasn’t giving me enough range to pick up Flight Following, so I was on my own with a paper sectional and a VOR.

I tracked my progress using radials off the Farmington VOR. I was on course on the 155-degree radial, following the pencil course line I had drawn on my paper sectional. A few minutes later, I checked again, and I was on the 160-degree radial. Jeepers, could I go much slower?

The DG, the sun, the haze, the drift. It was starting to almost not be fun. Almost. It was still fun, but it was becoming annoying.

Rural Missouri is full of towns that are little more than a wide spot in the road, depicted on the sectional as merely a circle. Almost impossible to distinguish one from another from 3000 feet (which in this area is in the neighborhood of 2500 feet AGL). I could verify which VOR radial I was on, but not WHERE along that radial I was.

Meanwhile, I had been monitoring the engine instruments. The four that are standard equipment in any little Cessna I’ve flown: oil temperature, oil pressure, left fuel tank, right fuel tank. The C150/152 only has a fuel selector for on or off, unlike C172s and bigger Cessnas that have a left, right, or both option. Theoretically, the C150 will draw from both tanks, more or less evenly. My little homegirl nicknamed “Homey” wasn’t. The left tank was showing significantly lower fuel quantity than the right tank. By the time the left tank was indicating a quarter tank or less, and the right tank was still showing full, I was concerned. If I could have selected the right tank for a while, I would have, but I couldn’t. I tapped on the fuel gauge. I knuckled it a little harder. No change.

In nearly 50 years of flying, I’d never specifically been taught what to do when fuel flows very unevenly. There’s no checklist for this that I am aware of. So it was time to add two and two together.

• Two: I could keep going and trust the fuel gauges were inaccurate. They only have to be accurate on full and empty. When the left tank shows empty, I’ll know for sure.

• Two: I could keep flying until the left tank ran dry and trust the right tank would start flowing.

• Two: I could keep flying and prepare for landing on a road or field somewhere further south.

• Two: I could land and figure it out.

According to my paper sectional, I should be approximately equidistant between the Missouri airports of Poplar Bluff and Dexter. Time for another decision.

• I could keep flying until I see an airport. Good enough idea, but it wouldn’t be the first time in 50 years I’d flown past one without seeing it.

• I could take it on faith that I was on my pencil course and give a name to one of those wide spots in the road.

• I could figure out a way to verify my exact location.

There was a tiny town just off my right wingtip. Easy to see from the right seat, where I was sitting. (The only time I’ve sat in the left seat in the last 40 years was when I was instructing a CFI candidate. I’m comfortable in the right seat.) The tiny town was big enough to have two water towers. Was I really going to be cliché enough to ascertain my location by reading a water tower? Yes, I was.

Mixture rich, carb heat on, power back, descending turn, keeping an eye on the altimeter, too. I was hoping the water tower didn’t say, “Go Spartans!” or “Eat at Joe’s.” (Or “Hot” and “Cold” like the water towers in St. Clair, Missouri. Funny on the ground, but not so much in the air.) Flying clockwise around the town, I was finally on the correct side of the tower to read it, but from right to left. D-L-E-I-F-M-O-O-L-B. Ah, “Bloomfield!” Thank you, town of Bloomfield. And right there was the Bloomfield circle on the sectional. Now, according to the sectional, there should be a road going straight south out of Bloomfield, becoming a double road leading to Dexter. Yes, I saw it. I have been to Dexter several times before and felt comfortable landing there. I knew the lay-of-the-land. Unicom frequency and field elevation are right there on the sectional. Piece o’ cake.

I haven’t flown in a long time, but I know most non-towered airports have self-serve fuel. I saw the pumps and taxied up to them. There was a metal set of steps lying on its side next to the fuel pump, and praise the Lord, it had wheels that moved easily. I pushed it to the left wing. Reaching for my purse in the storage area of the C150, I realized the company credit card was in my husband’s wallet somewhere along I-55 as he drives to pick me up in Memphis. So, hoping there’s enough balance available on my personal credit card, I walked back to the pumps.

I use a credit card at the local truck stop all the time. How difficult could it be to use it to buy some avgas? The pump was quite a bit fancier than I’m used to, and one of the first pieces of information it requested is the aircraft tail number. Numbers are on a keypad, but how do I enter a letter? I figured it out. Next, it asked how much did I want to pump? I don’t know. I figured it out. I pulled a number out of my … ear … and figured 20 gallons would be twice what I needed, so good enough.

I grounded the airplane and then started to pull the hose off its spool and decided it would be a good idea to climb up the steps and take the gas cap off first. Then I draped the fuel hose over my shoulder like a firefighter unwinding the pumper truck and climbed up the steps. Not enough hose. I climbed back down and tugged some more hose. I aimed the nozzle at the hole, squeezed the trigger, and sprayed avgas back at myself and the left wing. I’ve never seen a cap on the end of a fuel nozzle before. Great idea… Wish I would have thought of it! 100LL flowed into the tank. I figured out there was no automatic shutoff when the fuel started coating the wing. I turned the pump off, recapped the nozzle, hung up the handle.

Next, I had to rewind the hose. I looked around near the reel and saw a little switch that looked like a release. I pushed it in one direction, and it released tension to unwind the hose. That would have been helpful to know before I did the fireman drag. I figured it out and pushed it the other direction and the hose retracted. I unclipped the grounding wire (it was easy to retract) and retrieved my receipt showing 9 gallons pumped. Apparently, the left fuel gauge was pretty accurate when it was showing a quarter tank remaining. Good to know.

I returned the metal steps to its place on the grass and climbed back into the airplane. Mixture in, master on, key in the ignition. Wait, maybe not the best idea to start up facing the fuel pump. I very deliberately removed the key, turned off the master, and pulled the mixture. I was aware that this would be the perfect time for a problem, when things don’t go as planned and trying to do familiar routine things quickly. That was not going to happen to me. Not today.

I climbed back out, leaned on the tail, and turned the airplane around. I’d forgotten just how lightweight a C150 is! Now I deemed it safe to start up and taxi to a parking spot. Again, I was very deliberate in securing the airplane.

Access to the pilot lounge is through the Airways Café, which is only open for breakfast and lunch. I’d never been to Dexter when it was open before, but it looked great and smelled heavenly. Under different circumstances, I’d have stopped for lunch, but I had a task to finish and a mission to complete, and it was time to focus. No distractions.

I called the mechanic. He asked how much fuel was in the right tank. Well, I didn’t exactly check it because the left tank took 9 gallons, and it would have involved moving the steps to the other side of the airplane, and well, I just hadn’t done it. He said it was really important information to know, so I should go check and then call him back. I was muttering under my breath walking across the chilly and windy ramp, that yes, I should have thought it through to know that in the first place. I once again thanked the Lord for the steps having four wheels that rolled easily, pushed it across the ramp, and checked the right tank. I didn’t have my finger all the way in the tank before I felt liquid to my second knuckle. That was confirmation the right tank was not feeding at all.

I consulted again with the mechanic. We agreed the new owner would be disappointed, but even though now with a full left tank, I could soldier on to Memphis, but what would be the point? The fuel problem would have to be fixed there.

With the sun behind me for the return flight, I could see St. Louis from 30 or more miles away. I knew what I was doing. “Homey,” the C150, knew what she was doing. I’d spent 4 hours in the air to return to where I’d started. A quick mag check before shutdown greeted me with a coughing and sputtering engine on the right mag. The little homegirl was telling me that after years of being a hangar queen, she’d like to have the 500-hour inspection on the mags done at 450 hours (i.e., now). The mechanic’s initial inspection revealed a mud dauber nest in the right fuel vent.

It was a great day to fly and figure things out!

EDITOR’S NOTE: Diane Earhart retired as an air traffic controller after 30 years, 8 months, and 10 days, all of it at St. Louis Downtown Airport (KCPS). She is an FAA Master Pilot who soloed on her 16th birthday and earned her private pilot certificate on her 17th birthday, in Madison, Wisconsin. She was the 1999 Aviation Safety Counselor of the Year for the St. Louis District, and was a popular speaker and instructor at the Mattoon, Illinois Wings Weekend throughout the 1990s and 2010s. She was a long-time flight instructor at Scott Air Force Base Aero Club and currently instructs in C172s owned by AeroCareers NFP in Millstadt, Illinois. She is a 2020 Writer’s Digest award winner. She lives in the St. Louis area with two other pilots, three dogs, and a cat.

Posted in All Features, Features, Features, Flying & Flight Experiences, Oct/Nov 2023 | Tagged , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

EAA AirVenture Oshkosh 2023

July 24-30
Wittman Regional Airport
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
Facts and Figures For A Record-Setting Year
Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine October/November 2023 Digital Issue

Comment from EAA CEO and Chairman Jack Pelton:
• “There was so much going on during the week that encompassed the entire world of flight, from the presence of the U.S. Air Force Training Command and NASA, to magnificent aircraft restorations and exciting new flying technology. Oshkosh was again the place that brought the aviation world together.”

Attendance: Approximately 677,000 – A record total (previous mark: 650,000 in 2022). Comment from Pelton:
• “We had record-setting totals of campers, exhibitors, volunteers, and more. It was also a challenging year at times with weather, logistics, and other factors, which makes me even more proud of the efforts by our volunteers and staff to organize an outstanding event.”

Total aircraft: More than 10,000 aircraft arrived at Wittman Regional Airport in Oshkosh and other airports in east-central Wisconsin. At Wittman alone, there were 21,883 aircraft operations in the 11-day period from July 20-30, which is an average of approximately 148 takeoffs/landings per hour when the airport is open.

Total showplanes: 3,365, including a record 1,497 registered in vintage aircraft parking, plus 1,067 homebuilt aircraft, 380 warbirds (up 3 percent from 2022), 194 ultralights, 134 seaplanes and amphibians, 52 aerobatic aircraft, and 41 rotorcraft.

Camping: More than 13,000 sites in aircraft and drive-in camping accounted for an estimated 40,000 visitors.

Volunteers: More than 5,500 contributing in excess of 250,000 hours.

Commercial exhibitors: 848 (record number).
Forums, Workshops, and Presentations: More than 1,400 sessions hosted throughout the week.

Social Media, Internet and Mobile: More than 18.3 million people were reached by EAA’s social media channels during AirVenture (up 78 percent over 2022), with engagement of 1.9 million. More than 189,000 hours of viewing EAA video clips online also occurred during the event (more than double the 2022 total).

International guests: International visitors returned in a big way in 2023, with 2,372 attendees registering at the International Visitors Tent from a record-tying 93 countries outside the U.S. Adding a significant number of international visitors who do not register at the tent when they arrive, the actual total is much higher.

The Gathering shines: The EAA Aviation Foundation’s annual event to support its aviation education programs attracted more than 1,000 people and raised more than $2 million that will be focused on EAA’s mission of growing participation in aviation.

Media: 863 media representatives on-site, from six continents.

Economic impact*: $170 million for the five counties in the Oshkosh region (Winnebago, Outagamie, Fond du Lac, Calumet, and Brown). * – based on 2017 University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh economic impact study.

What’s ahead for EAA AirVenture Oshkosh 2024 (July 22-28, 2024)? Comment from Pelton:
• “We’ll start planning for EAA AirVenture 2024 a little later in August, but we are already looking at a number of big activities, including the 100th anniversary of the Royal Canadian Air Force. Plenty of ideas have also been forwarded to us from EAA members and others that will be part of the planning for 2024.”

Information updates posted at www.eaa.org/airventure

 

Posted in All Headlines, EAA & AirVenture, Fly-Ins & Air Shows, Headlines, Headlines, Oct/Nov 2023 | Tagged , , , | Leave a comment

What are NAVAIDs, and what do they have to do with MnDOT?

by Luis E. Canelon-Lander
MnDOT Navigation Systems Radio Engineer
Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine October/November 2023 Digital Issue

As a new member of the Navigation Systems team in the Office of Aeronautics, I want to take a moment to go over the basics of NAVAIDs, their importance in ensuring safe aircraft operation, and highlight the ongoing commitment of MnDOT Aeronautics to maintaining and improving this vital part of our state’s aviation infrastructure.

First, the term “NAVAIDs,” refers to aviation navigational aids. A wide range of NAVAID devices provide precise navigation and position details by transmitting visual, audible, and radio frequency signals to aircraft and, ultimately, to pilots.

Minnesota has made a significant investment in creating one of the most comprehensive NAVAID systems in the country, and currently MnDOT Aeronautics manages the largest network of non-federal NAVAIDs and weather reporting stations in the United States. This network encompasses over 530 pieces of equipment at airports, heliports, hospitals, and seaplane bases throughout Minnesota. However, some of that equipment and components are beyond their useful life and require continuous maintenance and support.

Today’s flying public heavily relies on NAVAIDs and weather reporting for safe navigation. Some examples of NAVAIDs owned and maintained by MnDOT Aeronautics include:

• ILS (Instrument Landing System): A highly accurate system that enables pilots to land safely on the runway, even during poor visibility. MnDOT Aeronautics maintains 21 ILS systems at local municipal airports throughout the state. Each ILS consists of a localizer and glideslope, which offer precise horizontal and vertical guidance to the aircraft and pilot during landing.

• AWOS (Automated Weather Observation System): A local weather reporting system with multiple sensors that automatically collects and reports atmospheric and other weather data and provides information to pilots (and other users) about weather conditions at the airport. This information includes temperature, dewpoint, wind speed and direction, altimeter, visibility, and ceiling data with sky conditions such as cloud heights and density. MnDOT maintains 79 AWOS stations throughout Minnesota. In addition to serving the flying community, meteorologists and others use the AWOS network for weather reporting, forecasting, and emergency management.

• VOR/DME (VHF Omnidirectional Range / Distance Measuring Equipment): A navigation system commonly used in aviation to determine the aircraft’s position by providing the bearing and distance from the VOR station to the aircraft through high-frequency radio signals. The VOR/DME navigational system helps pilots determine their position, track their course, and navigate toward a specific destination. Alternatively, VOR/DME is a navigational system backup available to pilots if GPS fails. MnDOT Aeronautics maintains six VOR/DME navigational systems.

• GCO (Ground Communication Outlet): These are unstaffed and remotely controlled ground-to-ground communication devices that allow pilots to contact Air Traffic Control and the Flight Service Station using a VHF radio to a telephone connection. This communication is essential for various purposes, such as obtaining clearances for takeoff, receiving air traffic control instructions, requesting weather updates, reporting emergencies, and updating flight plans. MnDOT Aeronautics maintains 20 GCOs throughout the state.

• RCO (Remote Communication Outlet): These devices extend the Flight Service Station’s range by receiving the messages and relaying them automatically between pilots and the Flight Service Station. They are remotely controlled by air traffic personnel. MnDOT Aeronautics maintains two RCO systems.

• MALSF/MALSR (Medium Intensity Approach Lighting System with Sequenced Flashers / Runway Alignment Indicators): These runway lighting systems assist pilots during approach and landing. They provide essential visual aids to align the aircraft with the centerline of the runway and are especially important during low visibility conditions. MnDOT Aeronautics maintains 21 MALSF/MALSR systems.

• MNWAS (Minnesota Weather Access System): Minnesota’s 133 local public airports have at least one MNWAS computer in their terminal buildings. These are publicly accessible computers where pilots can access weather updates, flight information and briefing tools. Additionally, pilots can directly inform MnDOT Aeronautics of any problems they encounter with NAVAID devices, facilities, runways, or the airport environment through the resources provided on the MNWAS computer.

The network of NAVAID devices listed above serves nearly all of Minnesota’s public airports, from smaller general aviation airports with turf runways, to bigger commercial service airports like Bemidji Regional Airport (KBJI). As previously noted, much of the equipment is approaching or has exceeded its useful life. Yet, the equipment still needs to be maintained. For the oldest equipment, numerous components are obsolete and no longer readily available, which makes maintaining those systems increasingly complex. MnDOT Aeronautics intends to continue supporting the existing infrastructure by fixing outdated equipment in the short term, while replacing at least six ILS, 40 AWOS, and one VOR within the next five years.

To report a problem or concern with a NAVAID device at a public airport in Minnesota, please email us at: NAVAIDs.DOT@state.mn.us

Get local weather information at Minnesota’s public airports. Checkout MnDOT’s NAVAIDs Weather Location App at https://www.dot.state.mn.us/aero/navigationsystems/awos-map-online.html.

Posted in Columns, Columns, Columns, MN Aeronautics Bulletin, Oct/Nov 2023 | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

The Need For Pilots Is Great & Growing…

Boeing Plaza.
EAA Photo by Connor Madison

Realizing This Need, Boeing Announces Scholarships For Pilot Training
Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine October/November 2023 Digital Issue

OSHKOSH, WIS. – Boeing Aircraft is investing $950,000 in scholarships for pilot training to grow and diversify talent required to meet significant long-term demand for commercial pilots.

Boeing is donating $500,000 to fund 25 scholarships with five aviation organizations committed to developing future pilots, including:
• Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association
• Latino Pilots Association
• Organization of Black Aerospace Professionals
• Sisters of the Skies
• Women in Aviation International

Boeing is also donating $450,000 to Fly Compton, a Los Angeles-based nonprofit that introduces minority youth to career opportunities in aerospace. This investment will increase the number of flight training classes offered to students in L.A.’s Compton community and introduce career topics related to designing, building and maintaining aircraft and drones.

“The demand for qualified and diverse pilots remains high at airlines worldwide. While becoming a pilot provides a lifelong career, access to training remains a barrier to entry for many,” said Ziad Ojakli, executive vice president of Government Operations at Boeing. “These organizations are helping the next generation of pilots realize their full potential, while also showing communities that are historically underrepresented in the industry that a future in aviation is possible.”

Long-term demand for newly qualified aviation professionals remains strong. Boeing projects 602,000 new pilots will be needed to fly and maintain the global commercial fleet over the next 20 years.

“We are seeing more women and individuals from diverse backgrounds entering the pilot profession because of the mentorship and guidance that aviation organizations like these provide for early career professionals,” said Chris Broom, Vice President of Commercial Training Solutions for Boeing Global Services. “The work they’re doing to implement changes needed to remove social and financial barriers to entry are critical.”

Since 2019, Boeing has invested more than $8.5 million to bring pilot training programs to underrepresented populations in communities across the United States. Here are comments from organizations receiving Boeing funding:

Mark Baker, President and CEO of the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association: “The aviation community is all about partnerships and coming together around the shared goal of protecting and growing our passion for flight. This collaboration is a true embodiment of that spirit and supports our mission of getting more people into the skies.”

Demetrius Harris, President and Executive Director of Fly Compton: “We are grateful for the tremendous support from our partners at Boeing. They continue to demonstrate an unwavering commitment to breaking down barriers for minority youth within the aviation industry. At Fly Compton, we know that lack of exposure, access to resources and the high cost of flight training prevents underrepresented populations from exploring careers in aviation. We focus on eliminating these barriers to entry, and this funding package from Boeing helps us continue this important work.”

Claudia Zapata-Cardone, President of the Latino Pilots Association: “It brings us great joy that Boeing has provided these scholarships to our members. This award allows us to help them achieve their dreams of flight by eliminating the financial barriers associated with training. We look forward to growing and continuing our work with Boeing and LPA, so all of our members can access a profession that otherwise would be unattainable.”

Samantha Whitfield, Executive Director of Organization of Black Aerospace Professionals: “Funding flight training is often one of the greatest barriers for students of color pursuing a pilot career. Scholarship partners like Boeing provide the much-needed support to fuel the careers of aspiring aviators. OBAP is proud to join forces with Boeing as we seek to diversify the aerospace workforce now and in the future.”

Stephanie Grant, a board member and the development director of Sisters of the Skies, and a United Airlines first officer: “Sisters of the Skies is an organization of professional black female pilots committed to improving scholarship opportunities, mentorship, professional development, and outreach. Being able to support our members through scholarships like this helps offset the high cost of flight school and ultimately sees these women become professional pilots. With less than 200 black female commercial airline pilots nationwide, we remain focused on increasing this number through the pillars of our mission.”

Stephanie Kenyon, Interim CEO of Women in Aviation International: “WAI members appreciate the longtime scholarship support from The Boeing Company. This year during our WAI2023 conference in Long Beach, California, Boeing provided scholarships for career enhancement, manufacturing skills and flight training. We know that scholarships change lives and provide our members with the financial resources to continue pursuing their aviation/aerospace dreams. As a nonprofit organization, WAI is thankful for Boeing’s commitment to help train the next generation of female aviators.”

As a leading global aerospace company, Boeing develops, manufactures and services commercial aircraft, defense products and space systems for customers in more than 150 countries. As a top U.S. exporter, the company leverages the talents of a global supplier base to advance economic opportunity, sustainability, and community impact. Boeing’s diverse team is committed to innovating for the future, leading with sustainability, and cultivating a culture based on the company’s core values of safety, quality and integrity. To learn more, go to boeing.com/careers.

Posted in All Headlines, EAA & AirVenture, Education, Headlines, Headlines, Oct/Nov 2023 | Tagged , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Airspace Incursions

by Richard Morey
© Copyright 2023. All rights reserved!
Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine October/November 2023 Digital Issue

At a recent FAASTeam training seminar, fellow pilot Jurg Grossenbacher brought up a disturbing trend. Airspace incursions are up. Pilots are flying through Delta, Charlie and even Bravo Airspace without establishing communication at an increasing rate. From October 1, 2022, to June 15, 2023, there have been 56 pilot deviations in the Milwaukee Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) operating area, that are under investigation or have been closed. This is almost twice the number in the previous year. Incursions happen because pilots lack situational awareness. They simply do not know where they are relative to the surrounding airspace. The question remains why?

With today’s proliferation of navigation software, such as ForeFlight and Garmin Pilot, and the increase in panel-mounted GPS units, situational awareness should be at an all-time high. Or should it? Are we as pilots over relying on our “boxes” and neglecting the basics? Does having so much information available, on our moving map displays, actually making it harder to sort out the important information from the abundant background? Do our “boxes” not show us what we need to know? If so, how can we as pilots navigate this wealth of information and remain safe and in compliance with the regulations?

Consequences

What are the consequences of violating airspace? According to GAA.gov, the penalty for each violation (of airspace) ranges from $1,100 to $27,500, depending on the provisions violated. A sign posted on the exit from the terminal to the ramp at Middleton (Wisconsin) Municipal Airport – Morey Field (C29), where I fly out of, states, “Avoid losing your license and a $10,000 fine. Remain clear of Class C Airspace until you contact Madison Approach on 135.45.” We were requested to post these signs at both exits from our terminal after a corporate jet departing from Middleton Municipal-Morey Airport climbed through the Charlie Airspace and then contacted air traffic control. For those of you unfamiliar with Middleton Municipal Airport -Morey Field, the airport is located 9 miles west of Dane County Regional Airport (KMSN) in Madison Wisconsin. Even if the penalty is only taking remedial training in navigation, communication and airspace, the financial consequences can be serious. Even more important is that safety is compromised when aircraft are in airspace that they should not be in. Airspace incursion has the potential to cause a midair collision.

ADS-B and enforcement action.

There is no doubt that Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) transponders are making flying safer. The ability to have traffic depicted on a GPS or tablet screen does allow pilots to see and avoid traffic to a greater degree than ever before. The emphasis needs to be on actually seeing the traffic. However, I have witnessed students checking their tablets, rather than looking out the window, when ATC issues a traffic alert. You cannot see what you are not looking for. An electronic image of traffic alone will not guarantee avoidance. In addition, not all aircraft have ADS-B-capable transponders or even a transponder at all. Those aircraft will of course not be depicted electronically and may not show up as primary radar targets either. ADS-B-equipped aircraft leave an electronic track which includes altitude. If an ADS-B transponder-equipped aircraft strays into airspace they are not cleared to be in, ATC will know about it.

GPS and tablet-based navigation systems.

Not all aircraft that violate airspace have a GPS or tablet-based navigation system onboard. That said, the vast majority of aircraft now have a panel-mounted GPS units, and pilots are using tablets and navigation software, or both, and not referring to paper sectionals or Terminal Area Charts. This reliance has in my observation created a complacency in many pilots. Often such things as weather briefings, wind drift calculations, plotting headings and route familiarity are being overlooked.

Flight planning is all too often being conducted after aircraft start up, and during the route being programmed into the GPS, tablet, or both. There is an abundance of information available via the tablet software. Weather, NOTAMs, TFRs, airport information and so much more can be accessed at the touch of the screen. Unfortunately if done in haste, it is all too easy to miss critical information. I have personally had this experience.

Informational overload and busy displays.

My reliance on a small GPS display could easily have resulted in a violation of Bravo Airspace. I was ferrying, what was a relatively unfamiliar aircraft, from Indiana to Middleton, Wisconsin with another pilot. We were under Chicago Bravo Airspace, and were operating VFR, utilizing Flight Following. I looked at the small panel-mounted GPS screen and thought we were in an area where the floor of the Bravo was higher than it actually was. Fortunately, my copilot was more familiar with the route and the GPS than I, and politely, yet firmly, pointed out my error.

This points to a few things. The moving map display of the GPS was cluttered, making it difficult to read. The dense airspace had to be depicted on a small screen. In retrospect, the steps to avoid this potential incursion are easy to see. If I had studied the Terminal Area Chart prior to the flight, and had it out during the flight, I would have been far less likely to make a mistake. By familiarizing myself with the route before takeoff, I could have planned the altitudes to fly to make sure we would keep clear of the Chicago Bravo.

Workload and runway incursions.

Workload has a negative effect on our situational awareness. As we all know, flying is full of distractions. To minimize these distractions, pilots need to do as little as possible once the aircraft is actually moving. What I mean by this is, flight planning needs to be done prior to start up. The GPS, tablet, or both need to be programmed before the aircraft moves. The radios need to be set up with the correct frequencies, and AWOS or ATIS listened to prior to taxi. Maps should be folded to show the route, and placed where they can be referenced easily prior to taxi. Certainly weather, NOTAMs, weight and balance calculations, takeoff and landing distance calculations, should all be completed prior to startup. Last, but not least, the taxi diagram for the departure airport, ether paper or electronic, should be visible, with the likely taxi route marked or at least already in mind. By having all these items accomplished prior to taxi, the pilot is free to JUST TAXI the aircraft. With nothing to distract the pilot, and with a taxi diagram visible, the likelihood of taxiing onto an active runway is minimized.

In summary, airspace incursions are increasing, resulting in potential compromised safety, and potential enforcement actions. This is likely a result of the loss of pilot situational awareness due to distraction and poor flight planning. The increased airspace incursions may also be partially due to the over-reliance on GPS or tablet-based navigational software. By doing thorough preflight planning, and avionics set up, especially GPS and tablet, pilots can reduce distractions while the aircraft is taxiing and in flight. Reduced distractions will result in better situational awareness, which should lead to less airspace and runway incursions.

EDITOR’S NOTE: Richard Morey was born into an aviation family. He is the third generation to operate the family FBO and flight school, Morey Airplane Company at Middleton Municipal Airport – Morey Field (C29). Among Richard’s diverse roles include charter pilot, flight instructor, and airport manager. He holds an ATP, CFII, MEII, and is an Airframe and Powerplant Mechanic (A&P) with Inspection Authorization (IA). Richard has been an active flight instructor since 1991 with over 15,000 hours instructing, and more than 20,000 hours total time. Of his many roles, flight instruction is by far his favorite! Comments are welcomed via email at Rich@moreyairport.com or by telephone at 608-836-1711. (www.MoreyAirport.com).

DISCLAIMER: The information contained in this column is the expressed opinion of the author only. Readers are advised to seek the advice of their personal flight instructor, aircraft technician, and others, and refer to the Federal Aviation Regulations, FAA Aeronautical Information Manual, and instructional materials concerning any procedures discussed herein.

Posted in Columns, Columns, Columns, Oct/Nov 2023, Pilot Proficiency | Tagged , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

The Aviation Community Is Up & At ‘Em!

by Dave Weiman
Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine October/November 2023 Digital Issue

Of all the industries I have been involved with over the years for business and pleasure, the general aviation community has been the most active when it comes to investing in its future. Everything from the EAA Young Eagles program, to AOPA’s scholarships which you will read more about in this issue, the Recreational Aviation Foundation’s (RAF) efforts to protect and promote back-country airstrips, Women In Aviation International programs to inspire young women to pursue careers in aviation, to aircraft manufacturers like Boeing which recognize the need for more pilots and aircraft technicians and are doing something about it, the aviation community is deeply involved in preserving its existence.

While having national aviation organizations to help lead the way, it is individual volunteers who roll up their sleeves and make events and programs happen.
When we add in all the aviation events, from EAA AirVenture-Oshkosh, July 24-30, 2023, to local fly-ins, there are plenty of activities for us to enjoy.

Thanks to all the EAA chapters and airport groups for hosting these events, and for working to keep GA strong. Thanks also to all the volunteers who park planes and cars, fly Young Eagles, flip pancakes and cook hamburgers, and lead by example. Airports throughout the country and their managers and fixed base operators are likewise to be commended for hosting events, which oftentimes require aircraft and shop equipment to be moved to make room in their hangars for tables, chairs, and cooking equipment.
Let’s keep investing in our future by being involved.

Posted in Columns, Columns, Columns, Dialogue, Oct/Nov 2023 | Tagged , , , , , , | Leave a comment

The AOPA Air Safety Institute… Creating Safety Programs For You!

by Mark Baker
AOPA President & CEO
Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine October/November 2023 Digital Issue

I can’t think of a worse day than when I get a call telling me that we have lost a friend, a fellow aviator. That recently happened to me and it hit hard. Ours is a tight-knit community. Everybody seems to know everybody, and when one of us grieves, we all do.

But even the most experienced, proficient and current pilots run a risk every time they take flight. Mind you, it’s a significantly low risk as we are in the midst of the safest era for GA ever.

After I got over the shock and disbelief, my mind naturally went to: what happened, where did he go wrong (if he did go wrong at all), and what can we learn from such incidents? I try to separate my personal loss from my professional education. It can be a challenge, but pilots are learners and we look for every instance to keep filling our mental sponge of information. That’s how we stay safe.

As we enter into the fall season, millions of young (and not-so-young) adults are headed back to school, continuing their education and staying on the path to success. For we pilots, school is always in session. We rarely take time off from our own education – and when we do have some down time, it’s usually spent in the air, sharpening our skills and discovering wonderful new destinations. GA pilots are hungry for knowledge – we’re curious, we’re diligent, and we never settle for average.

It’s no wonder that GA is safer than ever. Since 1950, the general aviation accident rate has decreased by 90 percent. It’s also no coincidence that’s the same year the AOPA Air Safety Institute began creating safety programs for the pilot community.

Under the leadership of Richard McSpadden, the Air Safety Institute has a single-minded focus on reducing general aviation accidents and reinforcing a culture of safety in GA. The ASI team takes great responsibility in fostering an overall safety culture in general aviation by educating and inspiring the entire GA community – pilots and aircraft owners, instructors, and policy makers.

If you have heard Richard give one of his excellent presentations on safety, you know that safe GA operations are based on five core principles: knowledgeable people, who are trained well, kept proficient, placed in reliable equipment, and surrounded in a culture that enables good decision-making. We’ve made progress across all five of those metrics through the last 25 years; and it shows in the numbers and culture.

Just look at the fact that the valuable content that our AOPA Air Safety Institute puts out is consumed more than 10 million times per year – engaging videos, podcasts, newsletters, articles, online courses, insightful accident analysis reports, and its recently updated Focused Flight Review program with six different custom profiles tailored to meet your proficiency goals. The content is designed for the way we consume information today – engaging and to the point. And may I add that most ASI content is free at the ASI page on AOPA’s website.

For starters, you probably have seen the very well-received Early Analysis series that the team started in 2021. Through these videos, the ASI team addresses a recent aviation accident, makes a preliminary assessment of the overall event and notable portions, and highlights areas the NTSB will likely investigate to determine a probable cause. These videos are solely intended to give pilots some real-world application and learning, so they can apply them to their own flying. We have heard from many pilots that the Early Analysis videos have given tremendous and practical insights. Please take a look.

If you go to the ASI website, you will see a lot of other engaging content to make you a smarter, safer and more proficient pilot.

This includes our Accident Case Studies, exploring why pilots ignored the warning signs and pressed on under adverse circumstances; Real Pilot Stories, in which aviators share their mistakes so you can learn from their slip-ups while comfortable on the ground; Beyond Proficient, an inspiring series that helps pilots fly safely while operating in unique and challenging real-world situations; and the ‘There I was…’ podcast, which invites you into the cockpit to encounter unpredictable scenarios and gain knowledge from how pilots were able to fly safely out of them.

I often say that safety is in AOPA’s DNA. Our team is fiercely passionate and committed to helping you be a safer pilot each day and every flight. AOPA pilots earn a diploma in safety every day.

Blue skies!

Posted in AOPA, Columns, Columns, Columns, From AOPA Headquarters, Oct/Nov 2023 | Tagged , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Tachs, Dumb Stuff & Setting Your Selling Price!

by Pete Schoeninger
© Copyright 2023. All rights reserved!
Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine October/November 2023 Digital Issue

Q: I have read that mechanical tachometers can have errors. Is that true?
A: Yes, some do, especially older ones. If errors occur, they are more likely seen at higher RPMs, with lower than actual readings. Your mechanic probably has an optical tachometer that could check your RPMs, or you can buy one for a couple hundred dollars that will indicate RPMs from inside or outside your cabin.

Q: You’ve said climbing at best angle of climb speed (Vx) is not a good idea unless absolutely needed to clear obstacles out of a short runway. Why?
A: In the unlikely event your engine fails, or even sneezes, you’ve got to immediately dump the nose down to prevent stalling. Since an engine failure right after takeoff is a complete surprise, many pilots will not do anything for a couple of seconds… too late to recover from a stall and impact with the ground. Some pilot operating handbooks (POHs) even caution that an engine failure at best angle of climb speed at low altitude is not recoverable.

Q: What do you notice “weak” pilots do, or don’t do, that are not often addressed by other publications? How about some real-world examples?
A: Just in my opinion, here are some things I have seen more than once that are dumb. I can say that because I am GUILTY of every one of them!
1.) Checking oil level with an oil dipstick, but not checking security of a filler cap. (Most Lycomings have a dipstick in the oil fill tube, but some Continentals have separate oil dipsticks and oil fill caps.) After checking oil on the dipstick and noting that the engine needs a quart of oil is good, but not checking that whoever added the oil, secured the cap, is dumb. Don’t ask me how I know.
2.) Taking off in a fixed-pitch prop airplane and not knowing what RPM to expect at the beginning of the takeoff run. A quick story if I may about this… When I once took off from a short runway in an airplane that was strange to me, the engine seemed sluggish but smooth. My passenger (a knowledgeable A and P mechanic) yelled at me to abort the takeoff, which I did. Later we did a full power runup, and sure enough, the engine was turning about 150 RPM less than it should have been, a figure I didn’t know at the time, but should have known. A collapsed muffler was the culprit. Had I known that the takeoff RPMs should have been about 2350 at the beginning of the takeoff run, rather than 2200 RPMs, I would have known that. Dumb me.
3.) Many folks way over control ailerons on final approach. You can see them furiously moving the wheel left and right quickly in slightly turbulent air. This stresses the control rigging, and is usually not necessary. In most airplanes, a little bit of rudder input, and less aileron control, yields a smoother ride.
4.) Not checking fuel quantity and quality after refueling. Before the first takeoff of the day, most pilots do a fuel sample check, and if possible, do a visual check for fuel cap security, and also look at the fuel gauges. But while on a cross-country flight at a refueling stop, many pilots do not. Another story about dumb Pete: Cherokee Six aircraft have four fuel tanks. Once, when ferrying a Six from Kentucky to St Louis, I stopped for fuel in southern Illinois. Both tip tanks were dry, so I asked the lineman to fill both tanks, and bring each main tank up to the 17-gallon tab. While the airplane was being filled, I went inside for a quick pit stop and pilot lunch from the vending machine. I settled up on my fuel bill and departed on the single runway with a strong left crosswind requiring almost full left aileron input. To my surprise, on liftoff with left deflection of the control wheel for the left crosswind, the left wingtip nearly scraped the runway. I immediately had to add about half right aileron deflection to hold the airplane level on climb out. Then it dawned on me to look at the fuel gauges. The lineman forgot to refuel the right tip tank, so I had a major imbalance of fuel. Had I checked the tanks visually, or checked the fuel gauges, or checked the fuel bill, I would have caught this potential problem.
5.) My last confession is about FAR Part 91.151, which requires a 30-minute fuel reserve for a daylight cross-country flight in good weather. On a four-hour flight, a little change in winds aloft can play havoc with your fuel reserve. I once landed a Lake Amphibian in the Atlanta area with less than 3 gallons of fuel remaining in the only fuel tank after a 3 ½ hour flight because the flight took about 15 minutes longer than planned. A planned 30-minute fuel reserve may make you legal, but in my opinion, it is rarely enough to be safe while on a trip. Winds change a little from what’s forecast, and many other things can go wrong delaying your arrival a little. Don’t cut it too close. Personally, I try to always have an hour of fuel onboard when I land. End of confessions!

Q: I have had my 1982 Cessna 172 for sale for 6 weeks with almost no response. Is the market dead? Would reducing the asking price $2500 help? Where should I look for help?
A: At the risk of being a wise guy, I will tell you to look in the mirror for sale help. IF you are advertising the airplane in at least three major places, including Midwest Flyer Magazine, and not getting a satisfactory response, your price is too high, period. A $2500 price reduction is not enough to prod buyers to jump on a roughly $100,000 asking price. If a buyer believed that you were only $2500 above what they felt your airplane was worth, they would offer $2500 less than your asking price. My suggestion is that you lower your price a significant amount of perhaps 10%. We are at the end of the post covid buying spree, and buyers are fewer than in recent times, but there is ALWAYS a demand for good Cessna 172s priced fairly. Since I got your question in the middle of August, which is the second slowest aviation sale month of the year, by the time readers see this column, we will be in the good market months of September and October. This should help.

Q: I recently moved my Cherokee 180 from Texas to Iowa. With winter approaching, the local FBO mechanic is recommending I change from straight 50 weight oil to multi weight oil, and have an engine preheater installed. I do plan on flying about 50 hours a month during winter months. Should I do either or both?
A: Two of the best inventions in the last 50 years for winter flying in my opinion are multi weight oil, and good electric (plug in) engine heaters. Yes, I urge you to get one and follow the manufacturer’s, and your mechanic’s, guidelines, and you’ll be a happy winter flyer.

Q: It appears to me that the Cessna 182 and 206 have a pretty similar wing area. Yet the 206 is allowed a higher gross weight. Why?
A: In addition to wing strength, aircraft performance requirements must be met to get an airplane certified, including minimum climb rates. In the C206, an additional 50 hp or so provides the extra climb power needed to haul the heavier load, and wider span flaps on the wing, help keep the stall speed down.

Q: A friend flies for an air taxi outfit in Alaska. He claims they are allowed to depart at 15% OVER gross weight under certain conditions. If this is true, is it a major gain for an operator?
A: FAR Part 91.323 has your answers. In a nutshell, the gross weight is approved ONLY for Part 121 and Part 135 operators on a case-by-case basis. So, Dave and Peg, vacationing in Alaska in your Cessna 182 Skylane (Part 91 pleasure pilots), you cannot operate over gross weight. These increases were primarily allowed so commercial operators could carry more fuel to remote destinations and still have some weight left over for payload.

Let’s play with some numbers: If we have an airplane that has an empty weight of 2000 pounds, and has a gross weight of 3000 pounds, useful load is 1000 pounds. Subtract 250 pounds or so for a pilot and survival gear, and payload (fuel and load) can be 750 pounds max. But if the airplane is approved for a 15% gross weight doing Part 135 air taxi operations, gross weight now could be 450 pounds higher, allowing a payload of 1200 pounds vs 750 pounds without the 15% gross weight approval. Again, note this is ONLY for Part 121 (airline) and Part 135 (air taxi) operations on a case-by-case basis by the feds.

EDITOR’S NOTE: Pete Schoeninger is a 40-year general aviation veteran, starting out as a line technician as a teenager, advancing through the ranks to become the co-owner and manager of a fixed base operation, and manager of an airport in a major metropolitan community. Pete welcomes questions and comments about aircraft ownership via email at PeterSchoeningerLLC@gmail.com

DISCLAIMER: The information contained in this column is the expressed opinion of the author. Readers are urged to seek the advice of others, including flight instructors, licensed aircraft technicians, airport managers, fixed base operators, and state and federal officials. Neither the author, Midwest Flyer Magazine, Flyer Publications, Inc., or their staffs, employees or advertisers assume any liability for the accuracy or content of this column or any other column or article in this publication.

Posted in Ask Pete, Columns, Columns, Columns, Oct/Nov 2022 | Tagged , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Moon Missions, Unique Aircraft Part of NASA’s Presence At EAA AirVenture Oshkosh

NASA’s “Super Guppy” on display on Boeing Plaza.
EAA Photo by Dave Witty

Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine October/November 2023 Digital Issue

OSHKOSH, WIS. – America’s legacy and future on the moon, unique aircraft, advanced aviation technologies, and a variety of presentations were among NASA’s highlights at EAA AirVenture Oshkosh 2023, July 24-30, at Wittman Regional Airport in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.

NASA’s activities centered at its pavilion in Aviation Gateway Park, just northwest of the FAA control tower. Other exhibits and programs were showcased throughout the week at other locations as well.

“NASA – The Next Bold Step” looked at the Apollo and Artemis programs, from the first steps on the moon to the next steps on the moon. Hosted by former space shuttle commander Charlie Precourt, the program July 24 in Theater in the Woods, included NASA Associate Administrator Bob Cabana, Apollo 16 astronaut Charlie Duke, and Gerry Griffin and Rick Weiss from the Apollo program, as well as Dr. John Blevins, Alex Kanelakos, and Dr. Ryan Watkins from the Artemis program.

NASA’s “Super Guppy” departing Wittman Regional Airport.
EAA Photo by Laurie Goossens

“Artemis Audience Astronauts” covered mission and science objectives, prelaunch preparation, crew training, and human research objectives in their preparation to go to the Moon and Mars during a presentation July 25 in Forum Pavilion 7.

NASA’s “Super Guppy” transport was parked on Boeing Plaza. This unique cargo airplane carries large spaceship parts from location to location. The airplane will also carry a full-size test article of the Orion space capsule.

“Preparing to Fly the X-59,” the quiet supersonic demonstrator aircraft, was a program July 26 in Forum Pavilion 8 that featured NASA research test pilot David “Nils” Larson. The X-59 is the centerpiece of NASA’s Quesst program, which seeks to open the future to commercial supersonic flight over land.

On July 27, “NASA Wicked Aeronautics Innovation” was featured. The innovation focuses on the Convergent Aeronautics Solutions project, which explores various opportunities for aviation transformations for the good of American society. These high-risk expeditions aim to illuminate paths to desirable futures enabled by aviation, as well as the future of flight itself.

 

Posted in Aircraft, EAA & AirVenture, Oct/Nov 2023, Sections, Sections | Tagged , , , , , | Leave a comment

Pattern Practice

by Dean Zakos S.J.A.
© Copyright 2023. All rights reserved!
Published in Midwest Flyer Magazine October/November 2023 Digital Issue

The man stood next to the flagpole and felt the autumn breeze brush lightly over him. The faded colors above his head snapped lazily against a sky of broken clouds signaling that the wind was out of the southwest. A glance at the windsock confirmed it. Looking farther to the west, he could see that the sun was slowly draining itself into the horizon, beginning to take the late afternoon light with it. A cold front was coming, and a line of steel gray overcast was stretched tight on a diagonal across the sky in the distance, with broken puffs of cumulus hanging, backlighted, against the setting sun. With the front would come rain. But there was enough time. Enough time to fly.

Loose gravel crunched under his feet as he walked toward the tie-down area. His light cotton jacket was open, despite the slight chill in the air, since he knew once he was in the cockpit the warmth of his body would be enough. The Piper Archer was parked in the first tie-down spot west of the taxiway. As he approached the airplane, he looked at the wings and then the tail, searching for any sign of irregularity – a wing down, an uneven line – any asymmetry in the otherwise clean, straight lines of leading edges, dihedrals, and wing cords. Three tie-down ropes were in place. The “Remove Before Flight” ribbon fluttered beneath the well-worn cowl plugs.

He walked slowly around the airplane, coming to a stop at the right wing root, and placed his flight bag on the ground. He stepped up, unlocked both door latches, and entered the cockpit, resting one knee on the right front seat. A faint, stale smell of aviation gasoline permeated the seat fabric. The bungee cord securing the control yokes was in place. He quickly unfastened it and slipped it into the pocket behind the right seat. Next, he checked the Hobbs meter and scrawled the time on the tach board he had brought with him from the clubhouse. A quick glance at the instruments, noting that the radio avionics switch was in the off position, was all he needed before he flipped on the master switch. The gyros, needles, and the low voltage light all came to life.

The fuel tanks each showed three-quarters full. He rolled the stabilator trim wheel until the mark lined up for normal takeoff position. He reached down between the seats and slowly pulled up on the flap handle, waiting to hear each successive click as the flaps extended. With a quick look around, he pressed the master switch back to the “off” position and exited the airplane. Preflighting an airplane had become second nature to him. He knew what to look for; he knew where to look. He knew what the airplane felt like; he knew what it smelled like. And he knew after walking around one last time and performing all the checks, so well, that the airplane was ready to fly.

He adjusted the seat and buckled himself in. The two prongs of the cord attached to his headset slipped easily into place on the lower left corner of the instrument panel. The headset, with its familiar green ear cups, was balanced on top of the panel just to the left of the compass. His movements now became slow and deliberate as he scanned the “Starting Engine” checklist. A couple of shots from the primer. Throttle pumped three times and opened just a scootch. Master switch on. Electric fuel pump on. Mixture to full rich. Rotating beacon on. Confirm that no one is around the airplane. Open the storm window.

“Clear!”

The engine turned over slowly at first, so slowly he thought he could almost count the spinning prop blades. As he cranked, he pumped the throttle twice. The engine caught. He knew it would catch, expected it to catch. The engine vibration was steady, comfortable. He settled into the left seat, rocked slightly, and scanned the instruments. R-O-R-F-L-D. RPM one thousand. Oil pressure in the green. Radio avionics switch on. Flaps up. Lights. Directional gyro set. Brakes released, throttle inched forward, slowly the airplane began to taxi across the matted grass toward the single paved runway.

“Westosha Traffic, Archer 2241 PAPA back-taxiing Runway 21, Westosha.”

Turning to the right, the Archer bumped onto the hard surface of the runway and began tracking the faded white centerline. After the run-up, he was ready to go. He looked down the strip, making sure it was clear, and then once more looked at the sky, verifying that no one was on short final or had sneaked into the traffic pattern unannounced.

“Westosha Traffic, Archer 2241 PAPA departing Runway 21, Westosha. Staying in the pattern.”

Glancing again at the instruments, he confirmed he was ready to go. Full aileron deflection into the wind. Smoothly to full throttle. Track the runway centerline. Right rudder. Roll out the aileron slowly. Good RPM. Good oil pressure. Fifty-nine knots. Rotate.

He pulled back on the yoke and the Archer lifted easily into the air. Tracking the runway heading, the ground slipped away beneath him. Flagpole and clubhouse passed under the left wing. RPM good. Oil pressure good. Wings level. Heading is two one zero degrees.

“Westosha Traffic, Archer 2241 PAPA departing Runway 21, Westosha. Staying in the pattern for a touch-and-go.”

At one thousand three hundred feet, he started his left turn, using aileron and rudder to bank the airplane into the first leg of the rectangular pattern. The low clouds had started to move in. Sticky puffs of cotton, some smudged and dirty, as if they had been dragged along a garage floor, floated in clumps or were stretched thin by the wind just overhead. TPA was one thousand five hundred feet. The clouds would easily be a few hundred feet higher. But still close enough to see them – really see them – in a way he never could see them when he was standing on the ground. Close enough, at times, that he thought he could almost reach out and touch them. See them stream through his fingers. Feel the cold, damp chill. Know what it was like to be in a place where, as a small boy, he thought only angels could know.

As he reached one thousand five hundred feet, he throttled back and began his turn downwind, pointing the nose of the airplane to a heading of zero three zero degrees.
“Westosha Traffic, Archer 41 Pop entering left downwind for Runway 21, Westosha.”
He crabbed slightly to compensate for the light crosswind. The sun was setting. Its fading light continued to backlight the approaching clouds stretched across the horizon. The area surrounding the airstrip, cast in its patchwork quilt of fall browns and golds, spanned out beneath him, and the flat black ribbon of runway, intersected by his left wing tip, was neatly parallel to his path of flight. The twin lakes to the west shimmered in the remnants of the late afternoon light. B-G-U-M-P-C. Boost on. Gas on fullest tank. Undercarriage down. Mixture full rich. Prop. Carb heat. He touched each lever or noted each item as he went through his short checklist.

He looked first at the runway, next the tie-down area, then looking to see if there was other traffic he would need to locate. The clubhouse was at the southwestern end of the runway, with a row of T-hangars running alongside to just before the end. The T-hangars had red and white striped roofs. Somebody had thought that this color scheme would improve visibility. It did, but was really only of use during the summer months, when the dark green of the grass made the small structures stand out at a distance of a few miles. Looking straight ahead again, he adjusted the pitch attitude slightly, pulled the throttle back to achieve 2100 RPM, and confirmed the altitude of one thousand five hundred feet. No traffic on the ground. No traffic in the pattern. The airplane was now almost opposite the spot on the runway where the man intended the airplane to touch down. He throttled back to 1500 RPM and adjusted the nose of the aircraft to a point just above the horizon that he knew would give him best glide pitch attitude and airspeed.

This was the part he liked best. With the engine almost at idle, the Archer was gliding gracefully back to earth. With best glide pitch attitude, the airspeed started to fall. As the needle passed into the white arc of the airspeed indicator, the man reached for the flap handle. He pulled it up, stopping at the first audible detent in the mechanism – one notch. Flaps down, nose down. The man adjusted the pitch attitude slightly to maintain seventy-five knots of indicated airspeed. The end of the runway had passed under the left wingtip of the Archer and the distance between them was now increasing. Looking first forward, then at the airspeed, the man looked several times over his left shoulder at the runway. He then scanned forward again, extending himself slightly to see any traffic which may have been approaching from the north. When the angle between the intended touchdown point and the position of the Archer appeared to be about forty-five degrees, he banked the airplane to the left.

“Westosha Traffic, Archer 41 Pop turning left base for Runway 21, Westosha.”

He gently rolled the airplane out of the turn with the directional gyro indicating three zero zero degrees. The sun was nestled comfortably between the horizon and clouds now. The sky to the west had been painted in soft pastels by a master’s brush. Airspeed seventy-five knots. Key position. Distance looks good. Altitude looks good. Add one notch of flaps. Flaps down, nose down. The Archer was gliding northwest, descending steadily, predictably, traveling a line perpendicular to the runway, between one-half and three-quarters mile away. The man looked ahead, checked his airspeed, looked to his right, and then looked down the left wing, locating the runway threshold.

He didn’t know how many times he had landed an airplane. You could have asked to see his logbooks. The ratings, the aircraft, the trips, the significant events were all recorded there. “An equal number of take-offs and landings,” he would have said dryly to the person posing such a question. You might as well have asked him how many times he had cut the grass in the tie-down area or how many gallons of gasoline he had pumped into the wing tanks of the club airplanes when he was a teenager. After a while, the number of hours no longer had any real meaning. It wasn’t the number that was important anyway. It was the experience.

For him, flying an airplane, landing an airplane, was an experience like no other. It wasn’t like work, or sports, or trying to get along with people he didn’t really care for. It was planning, and experience, and using his head to manage. Almost everything about his flying depended on him. He made the decisions; he complied with the rules; he anticipated, and acted, and reacted. It was satisfying and challenging, and just plain fun, in so many ways that life’s other endeavors, both small and large, were not – and could never be.

Looking to his right, then swiveling his head left, the man checked for traffic again. No traffic. No radio chatter.

“Westosha Traffic, Archer 41 Pop turning final for Runway 21, Westosha. Touch-and-go.”

As the man keyed the microphone, he turned the yoke to the left and touched the left rudder pedal, causing the Archer to enter a gentle bank. He held the turn until the white spinner of the propeller lined up just off center of the extended centerline of the runway, crabbing slightly for the crosswind. The aircraft was now on a glide path the center of which would bring the Archer straight down to the middle of the runway threshold. From this position the world always looked beautiful. The runway numbers and markings, painted white against the darker background of the asphalt, stood out against the pavement, occupying a spot approximately one-half the way down the windshield in front of him. “Just keep the numbers there and watch them grow larger,” his primary instructor used to say.

If the numbers started moving up, he knew he was falling below the intended glide path. If the numbers started moving down, he knew he was above the intended glide path. The numbers didn’t move. They stayed put. The man used the controls judiciously, making small corrections as needed to keep the numbers centered. Airspeed seventy knots. Descending at about four hundred feet per minute. Flap handle. Add the last notch of flaps. Flaps down, nose down.

The runway threshold for 21 always looked a little imposing for newcomers. It wasn’t what every pilot was used to. The runway itself was fine, not as long or wide as some, with two thousand eight hundred fifty feet in length and thirty-eight feet wide. At the threshold of 21 was a drop-off of some thirty or forty feet, opening into a shallow valley wedged between the surrounding farm fields. You wouldn’t want to be short coming in at this end.

The man thought back to that early evening when he was returning from his first checkride. He had earned his private license that late November afternoon, and flew back to Westosha in the gathering darkness. He called about five miles out. Mel was still in the clubhouse finishing the last of the day’s coffee. “I’ll put the lights on for you,” he said. As the man thought back to that day, he smiled to himself. For a moment, he was once again on that short final. The air was still that night, and the twin rows of runway lights sparkled invitingly before him as he gently glided earthward. He would always remember that landing in the dying light at the end of that day.

The Archer’s airspeed was now at sixty-six knots. Small control inputs, pitch for airspeed, power for altitude, kept the light airplane on its intended course. From this point, the Archer could glide in on its own. The man knew he had the runway made. He throttled the engine back to idle. He pitched the nose up slightly and the airspeed hovered at about sixty knots. The runway numbers flashed under the wings. He applied slight back pressure to the yoke, causing the nose to move gently upward, and leveled the airplane about fifteen to twenty feet above the runway. As the man held this attitude, keeping the wings level and the nose tracking above the runway centerline, the aircraft’s speed began to
bleed off.

The man now looked down the left side of the engine cowling to a moving spot about two hundred feet out and equi-distant between the runway centerline and the edge of the runway. As he focused on this distant spot, he began to sense the deceleration of the aircraft and continued to apply slight back pressure to the yoke. The Archer continued to slow and settle. Each moment brought the minute, familiar sensations of pitch, bank, and yaw as the aircraft passed over the asphalt. Track the centerline. Bank a little right. Left rudder pedal. Back pressure. Track the centerline. Bank a little left. The Archer’s mains were barely above the surface. Airspeed continuing to decelerate. Pull the yoke back. Slowly. Slowly. Back … back … back. The rubber tires chirped lightly as they contacted the abrasive surface. Hold the nose wheel off. Off. Now, let it down gently. Gently. On the runway centerline. Full aileron deflection into the wind. Flaps up. Smoothly to full power. Adjust the ailerons. Right rudder. Track the runway centerline. 2700 RPM. Fifty-nine knots. Rotate.

“Westosha Traffic, Archer 2241 PAPA, departing Runway 21, Westosha. Staying in the pattern.”

The man didn’t need to think about the just completed landing, although he felt pleased. Pleased to be flying. He would think more about it later. Now a few small drops of rain were spattering on the windshield, smearing the fall colors and the scenery below. He flew the rectangular pattern twice more that afternoon. Each time he flew it, he thought about the small corrections that he would need to make, the perceptive adjustments that would result in the Archer being at the right airspeed at the right position in the pattern at the right time. And he would think of other memories and special times in his life. He knew he was happiest when he was flying.

The Archer exited the runway and pulled on to a narrow concrete taxiway. The man stepped hard on the right rudder pedal, resulting in a sharp turn into the first open tie-down spot. He reached over and retarded the throttle while in the turn. The aircraft rolled slowly forward, engine at idle, propeller whistling softly, until the tie-down ropes, lying coiled in the grass, disappeared under the wings. The man touched the toe brakes, easing the pressure at the last instant, bringing the Archer to a smooth stop. He methodically went through the “Stopping Engine” checklist, pulling the mixture and waiting for the shudder of the engine as it gasped for fuel before going silent.

The only sounds remaining were the gyros spinning down and the light rain skidding intermittently on the aluminum skin of the aircraft. The lingering smell of the warm engine mixed with the scent of the man’s own perspiration in the cramped cockpit. The man unbuckled his safety belt. As he stepped down from the wing, he looked up into the gray and mottled sky. The small, cold droplets softly pelted his face. He stood next to the Archer for a moment. He did not have to say it. He did not even have to think it. He knew in his heart he loved to fly. He knew he always would.

EDITOR’S NOTE: Dean Zakos (Private Pilot ASEL, Instrument) of Madison, Wisconsin, is the author of “Laughing with the Wind, Practical Advice and Personal Stories from a General Aviation Pilot.” Mr. Zakos has also written numerous short stories and flying articles for Midwest Flyer Magazine and other aviation publications.

DISCLAIMER: Mr. Zakos’ articles involve creative writing, and therefore the information presented may be fictional in nature, and should not be used for flight, or misconstrued as instructional material. Readers are urged to always consult with their personal flight instructor and others about anything discussed herein.

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